For you nerd - China Study Guide 2024

Pu Yi

The Last Emperor of China in 1967

Sun Yat Sen

Nickname - Father of the Nation; Founded the Kuomintang party; First President of the Republic of China

Chiang Kai Shek

Nickname - Generalissimo “The General”; Leads nationalist party after Sun Yat Sen; Loses control of China to Communists in the Chinese Civil War; Fought the Japanese in World War II

Mao Tse Tung

Nickname - Chairman Mao “The Chairman”; Led the communist revolution in China, implementing collectivization and purging; Brought Communism to China; Developed a cult of personality

Deng Xiaoping

Implemented policies similar to Glanost; Changed China through Glasnost, opening up to foreigners for investment and trade

Xi Jinping

Similarities to Mao in harsh government policies, strong control of media and internet, and developing a cult of personality

Dalai Lama

Fled to India after armed protests against Chinese presence in Tibet; Significant figure in Tibetan Buddhism as the 14th reincarnation of the living buddhas

Tank Man

Significance - Stood in front of a tank during Tiananmen Square protests to resist pro-democracy demonstrations

Kim Jung Un

Part of the Kim Dynasty, dictator of North Korea maintaining strict laws, rules, and regulations

Legalism

Main Belief - taught that humans were all naturally evil, Founder - Han Fei, Created - 200 B.C.E

Daoism

Belief - achieving a peaceful society by following nature, Founder - Laozi, Created - 500 B.C.E - 200 B.C.E

Confucianism

Belief - people must fulfill their duties/responsibilities/help each other/help their community, Founder - Confucius, Created - 551 B.C.E - 479 B.C.E

Buddhism

Belief - Life full of suffering since it’s caused by desires and ending suffering ends desires and following the 8 fold path to reach Nirvana which is the highest reach of enlightenment, Founder - Siddhartha Gautama, Created - 400 B.C.E

Dynastic Cycle

Rise and falls of Chinese Dynasties that depend on the stars

Mandate of Heaven

Heaven granted a ruler

Filial Piety

Being respectful for one’s parent, elders, and ancestors, central to Confucianism

Qing Dynasty

Had trade interactions with the British, traded Opium, led by Pu Yi

Opium Wars

Fought between China and Britain over territory and Opium trade, resulted in Treaty of Nanjing

Sino-Japanese Wars

Fought between Japan and China over Asian Superiority, resulted in Taiwan given to Japan

Boxer Rebellion

Conflict between China and Foreign Powers resisting Western influence, resulted in many deaths

Taiping Rebellion

Hong Xiquan fought against Qing Dynasty due to corruption, weakened Qing Dynasty

Spheres of Influence

Different countries influencing decisions, impacted China with exclusive trading rights

Open Door Policy

Policy allowing land and resource acquisition without repercussions, mainly involving the U.S. and Europeans

Role of Women

Involving footbinding, marriage customs, and gender roles in Chinese society

Revolution/Civil War

A period of intense conflict and political upheaval within a country

Chiang Kai Shek

Leader of the Kuomintang during the Chinese Civil War

Sun Yat Sen

Founding father of the Republic of China

Mao Tse Tung

Leader of the Chinese Communist Party during the Civil War

CCP

China Communist Party, led by Mao Tse Tung

Leader Xi Jinping

Current leader of China

Kuomintang

Nationalist party led by Chiang Kai Shek

Taiwan

Island governed by the Republic of China

Nanking Massacre

Atrocity committed by Japan in China during WW2

Great Leap Forward

Mao's policy to modernize China, resulted in a famine

Cultural Revolution

Mao's campaign to purify the party, led to economic ruin

One Child Policy

Chinese policy to control population growth

Red Guards

Mao's supporters enforcing his policies through violence

Tank Man

Symbol of peaceful resistance in Tiananmen Square protests

Tiananmen Square

Site of pro-democracy protests in 1989

Tibet

Region under Chinese control with the Dalai Lama as spiritual leader

Hong Kong

Former British colony returned to China in 1997

Great Firewall of China

Censorship system to control internet access

Censorship

Restriction of information challenging the government

Strategies of censorship

Methods like website blocking and content removal to control information.

North Korea Isolation

Since when has North Korea been isolated? 1980’s

North Korea Isolation

Why are they isolated? Believe they can govern themselves without any outside help

Korean War

When fought? 1950

Korean War

Who fought? North Korea and South Korea

Korean War

Who backed each side? North Korea is backed by Russia, South Korea backed by U.S.

Korean War

Why was it fought? To gain land and territory

Korean War

What was the compromise? To end the war, North Korea under a communist government, South Korea under a capitalist government

Korean War

What is the line that separates North from South called? the 38th parallel

Kim Family

Kim Il Sung 1st leader

Kim Family

Kim Jung Il 2nd leader

Kim Family

Kim Jung Un current leader

Nuclear Testing, Why are they building their nuclear program?

To show they’re powerful, a symbol of strength

Defectors

How do people leave North Korea? Smuggler networks, defect to South Korea and 3rd world countries

Defectors

What happens to them if they get caught? Executed, sent back