History- Chapter 15

Uptown Sinclair- The Jungle

his purpose was to expose working conditions for the urban poor and immigrants

Jacob Riis- how the other half lives

his purpose to expose living conditions of the Urban poor in the tenements

Thomas Nast- a cartoonist

his purpose was to expose Boss Tweed(Political machines) and political corruption

William Marcy Tweed (Boss Tweed)

leader of New York City political machine in the later 1800’s

Gilded Age

a term coined by Mark Twain to describe the post-Reconstruction era

Lassez-faire

a policy of federal government seldom inferring with bussinesses

Subsidy

a payment made by the government to encourage the development of certain key industries

Blue laws

regulations that prohibited certain private activities that some people considered immortal

Pendletown Civil Service Act

In 1883, which created the Civil Service commission to test employees

rebates

partial refunds

Munn v. Illinois

in 1877, it allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders

Pogroms

violent massacres of Jews

Steerage

a large open area beneath the ships dock

quarantine

a time of isolation to prevent the spread of a disease

ghettos

areas in which one ethnic or radical group dominated

restrictive convenants

agreements among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people

Chinese exclusion Act

prohibiting Chinese laborers from entering the country

Gentlemens Agreement

not an official government document, the compromise between the US and Japan called San Francisco to end its school policy and Japan to stop issuing passports to laborers

Alien

non citizen

suburbs

residential communities surrounding the cities

tenements

low cost apartment buildings designed to house as the owner can pack in

dumbell tenement

made to accommodate windows in rows of buildings

Political machines

an unofficial city organization designed to keep particular party or group in power

Graft

the use of one’s job to gain profit

social Gospel Movement

a social reform movement developed within religious institutions

Settlement house

community centers that offered social services

sociology

describes the study of how people interact with one another in a society

Nativism

favoring native-born Americans over immigrants

Temperance movement

an organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

Prohibition

a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages

vice

immoral or corrupt behaviors