For you nerd - China Study Guide 2024

China Test Study Guide

Test Makeup: 75 Points

• 45 Multiple Choice Questions worth 1 point each

• 10 Matching worth 1 point each

• 2 Written Responses worth 10 points each

Test Date:

• A Day: 4/29

• B Day: 4/30

• Review Days: 4/25, 4/26

Content:

• People:

  • Pu Yi

    • The Last Emperor of China 1967

  • Sun Yat Sen

    • Nickname: Father of the Nation

    • Kuomintang: Founded the party

    • Republic of China: First President

  • Chiang Kai Shek

    • Nickname: Generalissimo “The General”

    • Kuomintang: Leads nationalist party after Sun Yat Sen

    • Chinese Civil War: Loses control of China to Communist

    • World War II: Fought the Japanese

  • Mao Tse Tung

    • Nickname: Chairman Mao “The Chairman”

    • Comparisons to Stalin: Led the communist revolution in China, implementing collectivization and purging

    • Long March: 1000 communists walk 6000 miles under threat of KMT

    • Policies: Brought Communism to China

    • Cult of Personality: Being a father and a role model to others, making others think that he is a god and without him you’re nothing

  • Deng Xiaoping

    • Policies: Glanost

    • Changes to China: Glasnost, opening up to foreigners for investment and trade

  • Xi Jinping

    • Comparisons to Mao: very harsh government policies, advocates strong control of media and internet, and developing cult of personality

  • Dalai Lama

    • Exile: armed protest broke out over chinese presence in Tibet and Dalai Lama flees to India

    • Significance to Tibetan Buddhism: 14th reincarnation of the living buddhas of Tibetan Buddhism

  • Tank Man

    • Significance: During protests of Tiananmen Square he stood in front of a tank to show resistance of pro-democracy demonstrations

  • Kim Jung Un

    • Family Tree: Dictator of North Korea part of Kim Dynasty

    • Dictatorship: Maintaining strict laws, rules and regulations

• Topics:

  • Imperial China

    • Philosophies (main beliefs, founders, when created

• Legalism

Main Belief: taught that humans were all naturally evil

Founder: Han Fei

Created: 200 B.C.E

• Daoism

Belief: achieving a peaceful society by following nature

Founder: Laozi

Created: 500 B.C.E - 200 B.C.E

• Confucianism

Belief: people must fulfill their duties/responsibilities/help each other/help their community

Founder: Confucius

Created: 551 B.C.E - 479 B.C.E

• Buddhism

Belief: Life full of suffering since it’s caused by desires and ending suffering ends desires and following the 8 fold path to reach Nirvana which is the highest reach of enlightenment

Founder: Siddhartha Gautama

Created: 400 B.C.E

• Dynastic Cycle

  • Definition: Rise and falls of Chinese Dynasties that depend on the stars

  • Mandate of Heaven

    • Definition: Heaven granted a ruler

  • Filial Piety

    • Philosophy Associated with: Confucianism

    • Definition: being respectful for one’s parent, elders, and ancestors, central to Confucian

    • Impact on Chinese culture: created a caring, honoring, obeying, and peaceful, being devoted to others and putting yourself before others

  • Qing Dynasty

    • Interaction with the British: Had trade and British traded Opium that was introduced to the Chinese people

    • Leader: Pu Yi

  • Opium Wars

    • Who fought?: China and Britain

    • Why fought?: fighting over disputes over territory also since the British tried to take over and stop the imports of Opium

    • Results?: China lost and created the Treaty of Nanjing that gave Hong Kong to Britain and trade ports remained open in Shanghai

  • Sino-Japanese Wars

    • Who fought?: Japanese and China

    • Why fought?: fighting over Asian Superiority

    • Results?: China lost and gave Taiwan to Japan

  • Boxer Rebellion

    • Who fought?: China Vs Foreign Powers

    • Why fought?: Didn’t want Western influence, resentful for the government allowing foreigners to take over the country

    • Results?: 100,000 people died

  • Taiping Rebellion

    • Who fought? Hong Xiquan fighting against Qing Dynasty

    • Why fought? Rebellion wanted to overthrow Qing Dynasty because of how corrupt they were

    • Results? The rebellion weakened the QIng Dynasty, but it was a failure even if it did impact the Qing Dynasty

  • Spheres of Influence

    • Definition: Different countries influencing one's decision and mind

    • Impact on China: Great Britain, France, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Germany, Italy, Russia, U.S. Japan had exclusive special trading rights, including low tariffs and free trade within the territory.

  • Open Door Policy

    • Definition: being able to take others' land and resources without repercussions

    • Main country involved: U.S. and all Europeans were allowed foreign trade and guaranteed access

  • Role of Women

    • Footbinding: Binding one’s foot for looks, if you had small feet you were considered pretty, and can find a husband

    • Marriage: When married they would leave their family for their husbands

    • Gender Roles: Take care of the house, take care of the children, housewife, couldn’t do what men could do

  • Revolution/Civil War

    • Leaders

      • Chiang Kai Shek

      • Sun Yat Sen

      • Mao Tse Tung

    • CCP: China Communist Party

      • Leader Xi Jinping

      • Goals pushing for economic growth

      • Victory or Defeat? Victory

    • Kuomintang

      • Leader Chiang Kai Shek

      • Goals fighting against CCP and communism

      • Victory or Defeat? Defeat retreated to Taiwan

    • Taiwan

      • Government Republic of China

      • Official Name Republic Of China

      • Current Issues with China Taiwan has a de facto government that China doesn’t want to recognize

    • Republic of China

      • Leader during the War Chiang Kai Shek

    • People’s Republic of China

      • Leader during the War Mao Zendog

    • Long March

      • Goal: communist to organize and allow peasants to pick up arms and follow Mao

      • Leader: Mao

      • Success or Failure?: Success

    • Nanking Massacre

      • Who was involved?: Japan & China

      • How did it impact the relationship between Japan and China?: Hate each other, this was considered one of the worst human rights violations of WW2 along with the Holocaust

  • Communist China

    • Great Leap Forward

      • Years of policy: 1958-1962

      • Goals: Modernizing China

      • Outcome: Did modernize China but 20-30 million people starved

      • Success or Failure? Failure

    • Cultural Revolution

      • Years of policy 10 years

      • Goals: ten-year political campaign to rekindle revolutionary fervor and purify the party

      • Outcome: created red books, ruined Mao and China’s economy, many sent to reeducation camps

      • Success or Failure? Failure

    • One Child Policy

      • Years of policy 1957 - 2015

      • Goals trying to not overpopulate China

      • Outcome lessened birth rates but created an imbalanced society

      • Success or Failure? Success

    • Red Guards

      • Defining Characteristics Students that fully support Mao Zedong and enforcing his policies through violent means

    • Tank Man

      • Who was he? A man who stood in front of tanks in 1989 during Bejing protests

      • Why is he important? Became a symbol of the authoritarianism of peaceful resistance against oppression

    • Tiananmen Square

      • When did it happen? June 3-4 1989

      • Why did it happen? Pro-democracy movement of political reform and greater freedom and to end corrupt government

      • What policies were people trying to put in place? Greater freedom of speech, political reforms

    • Tibet

      • Who is the leader? Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso), under China right now

      • Who is actually in power? CCP

      • Who is the Panchem Lama? The second highest figure in Tibetan Buddhism Why are they a controversial figure? They’ve been missing for a long time, China appointed their own Panchen Lama

    • Hong Kong

      • How did Britain come to control Hong Kong? After the first Opium War, they won the territory When did they lose control? Handed to China under joint declaration

      • When does Hong Kong return to Chinese control? 2047

      • What are the people of Hong Kong protesting against?: Since they have capitalism, they don’t want to revert to communism

    • Taiwan

      • Who ruled in Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War?: Kuomintang

      • What is the relationship between Taiwan and China? China seeks reunification whilst Taiwan doesn’t

      • Why is their relationship like this? China won a communist victory while the Kuomintang retreated to a nationalist party, both having separate governments

    • Great Firewall of China

      • Goal: To regulate censorship flow within China

      • Who put it into place?: Chinese Government

      • Purpose: To watch what people are doing and control access and information

    • Censorship

      • Purpose: To restrict information that may challenge the government and promote dissent

      • Strategies of censorship Website blocking, keyword filtering, content removal, surveillance

  • North Korea

    • Isolation

      • Since when has North Korea been isolated?: 1980’s

      • Why are they isolated?: Believe they can government themselves without any outside help

    • Korean War

      • When fought? 1950

      • Who fought? North Korea and South Korea

      • Who backed each side? North Korea is backed by Russia, South Korea backed by U.S.

      • Why was it fought? To gain land and territory

      • What was the compromise? To end the war, North Korea under a communist government, South Korea under a capitalist government

      • What is the line that separates North from South called? the 38th parallel

    • Kim Family

      • Kim Il Sung 1st leader

      • Kim Jung Il 2nd leader

      • Kim Jung Un current leader

    • Nuclear Testing

      • Why are they building their nuclear program? To show they’re powerful, a symbol of strength

    • Defectors

      • How do people leave North Korea? Smuggler networks, defect to south Korea and 3rd world countries

      • What happens to them if they get caught? Executed, sent back