chapter 6 cardiovascular system medical terminology

angi/o

angi/o

vessel

vas/o

vessel

aort/o

aorta

arteri/o

artery

ather/o

thick, fatty

atri/o

atria

cardi/o

heart

coron/o

heart

electr/o

electricity

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

phleb/o

vein

ven/o

vein

scler/o

hardening

thromb/o

thrombus (clot)

valv/o

valve

valvul/o

valve

vascul/o

blood vessel

ventricul/o

ventricle

ASHD

arteriosclerotic heart disease

BP

blood pressure

bpm

beats per minute

CABG

coronary artery bypass graft

CAD

coronary artery disease

CCU

coronary care unit

CHF

congestive heart failure

CP

chest pain

CPR

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CV

cardiovascular

DVT

deep vein thrombosis

ECG, EKG

electrocardiogram

HF

heart failure

HTN

hypertension

INR

international normalized ratio

LA

left atrium

LV

left ventricle

MI

myocardial infarction

MR

mitral regurgitation

MVP

mitral valve prolapse

PTCA

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

PTT

partial thromboplastin time

PVC

premature ventricular contraction

RA

right atrium

RV

right ventricle

aneurysm

weakening and bulging of part of a vessel wall

angina

heart pain or other discomfort felt in the chest, shoulders, arms, jaw, or neck, caused by insufficient blood and oxygen to the heart; usually a symptom of heart disease

arrhythmia

loss of heart rhythm (rhythmic irregularity)

atrial fibrillation (AF, A-fib)

common irregular heart rhythm marked by uncontrolled atrial quivering and a rapid ventricular response

bruit

soft blowing sound caused by turbulent blood flow in a vessel

cardiomyopathy

group of conditions in which the heart muscle has deteriorated and functions less effectively

congestive heart failure (CHF)

inability of the heart to pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body, resulting in lung congestion and dyspnea

coronary artery disease (CAD)

narrowing of the lumen, or inner open space of a vessel, of heart arteries due to arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

development of a blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs; also known as thrombophlebitis

embolus

undissolved matter floating in blood or lymph fluid that may cause an occlusion and infarction

endocarditis

infection of the inner lining of the heart that may cause vegetations to form within one or more heart chambers or valves

fibrillation

quivering of heart muscle fibers instead of an effective heartbeat

hypertension (HTN)

blood pressure that is consistently higher than 140 systolic, 90 diastolic, or both

ischemia

temporary reduction in blood supply to a localized area of tissue

mitral stenosis

condition in which the mitral valve fails to open properly, thereby impeding normal blood flow and increasing pressure within the left atrium and lungs

murmur

blowing or swishing sound in the heart, due to turbulent blood flow or backflow through a leaky valve

myocardial infarction (MI)

death of heart-muscle cells due to occlusion of a vessel; commonly called heart attack

myocarditis

condition in which the middle layer of the heart wall becomes inflamed

thromboangitis Obliterans (TAO)

type of vascular disease associated with tobacco use, marked by inflammation and clot formation within small vessels of the hands and feet, which may lead to gangrene and surgical amputation; sometimes called Buerger's disease

varicose veins

bulging, distended veins due to incompetent valves, most commonly in the legs

angiography

Diagnostic or therapeutic radiography (radiological imaging) of the heart and blood vessels

cardiac catheterization

evaluation of the heart vessels and valves via the injection of dye that shows up under radiology

holter monitor

portable device worn by a patient during normal activity that records heart rhythm for up to 24 hours

International Normalized Ratio (INR)

Standardized method of checking the prothrombin time (PT); used to monitor and adjust warfarin (Coumadin) dosage in order to maintain a balance between clot prevention and excessive bleeding

pacemaker

device that can trigger the mechanical contractions of the heart by emitting periodic electrical discharges

Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)

measure of blood-clotting time, used to monitor heparin therapy; heparin is an anticoagulant medication that slows the clotting time of blood

transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)

study of the heart via a probe placed in the esophagus

troponin

Protein released into the body by damaged heart muscle, considered the most accurate blood test to confirm the diagnosis of an MI