MTTC 099 - Music Education Test Study Guide

Pure vowel sounds in choral

a, e, i, o, and u. RAISE THE SOFT PALLET

What are key elements of a unified ensemble performance?

Tuning, balance, phrasing, articulation, and cut-offs need to be unified.

How should a teacher adjust choral balance?

Make sure the chorus in not top-heavy (More soprano/alto) or bottom-heavy (More tenor/bass).

Define "Classical" singing timbre

In classical singing, the mouth cavity is trained to have a high palate as in a yawn to create open, formal sound. They are encouraged to create a rich, wide vibrato to add color to the singing tone. They also focus on producing pure vowel tones and clear consonants.

Define "Popular" singing timbre

Much more flexibility in shape of mouth and they adjust high and low palates for different vocal sounds. Less vibrato. There are a variety of sounds, timbres, and techniques such as rasp, growl, and edge.

Vocal ranges for men:

Chest, head, and falsetto

Vocal ranges for women

Chest, middle, and head

What affects dynamics when playing a stringed instrument?

The speed and pressure of the bow

What is the bass note order of triad/7th chord inversions?

Root, 3rd (1st inv), 5th (2nd Inv), and 7th (3rd inv)

Give the RN for an Authentic Cadence

V-I or v-i

What makes a IAC different than a PAC?

An imperfect authentic cadence does not have the V to I in the bass, but does have V to I chords.

Give the RN for a Plagal Cadence (Amen)?

IV-I or iv-i

Plagal Cadence is associated with what religious word?

Amen: Plagal cadences are found in many hymns set to the word amen.

Give the RN to the 2 types of DECEPTIVE CADENCES

V-VI (V-vi) or V-IV (V-iv)

What is another name for a deceptive cadence?

An interrupted cadence because it prolongs the ending when we want to here 5 to 1

What is a half cadence?

Cadence on the dominant harmony. The most common is I-64 to V

3 minor 3rds makes what kind of chord?

A diminished seventh chord

What does m+m+M make?

A half diminished seventh chord

What does M+m+m make?

A Major Minor seventh chord

What does M3rd+m3rd+M3rd make?

A Major 7th Chord

What does m3rd+M3rd+m3rd make?

Minor 7th chord

Which note is changed in the harmonic minor scale?

The 7th scale degree is raised by a half step

What changes are in a melodic minor scale?

Both the 6th and 7ths scale degrees are raised on the way up, but go back to natural minor on the way down.

What is a whole tone scale?

Consists entire of whole steps

ex: C D E F# A flat B flat C

What is 12-tone music?

These atonal compositions are created with an ordering of 12 serial pitches. Make with the tone row graphs (look like sudoku)

Who is associated with 12-tone music?

Arnold Schoenberg. He's Austrian and began composing in the 1920s

Define melismatic

Each syllable of text has many notes

What are characteristics of the baroque era music?

-Stylistically ornate

-Heavily Ornamented

During this era, tonality is established, counterpoint is invented, and the complexity of orchestrations is expanded

What is the realist movement?

A facet of the Romantic era during the late nineteenth century

Name the composer who is credited with the development of early opera

Monteverdi

What is the instrumentation of a string quartet?

violin, violin, viola, cello

In the classical style, the opening movement of an instrumental work was often composed in which of the following forms?

Sonata

In the Kodaly method, pitch discrimination is explored by beginning with what interval?

Minor 3rd

the second two intervals in the overtone series.

P4 and P5

Name the Baroque ABA vocal form that typically required ornamentation by the performer during the repeat of the A section.

Da Capo Form

A secondary school choral director wants to teach his students about melody and accompaniment. Which compositional style would be best suited for this lesson?

Leid (Voice with piano accompaniment)

Name the earliest type of vocal polyphony from the medieval period. Features voices sung in parallel motion.

Organum

What types of vocal exercises are best for developing the "head voice" tone quality?

Descending Patterns

In string pedagogy, the term col legno refers to playing on which part of the bow?

Wood

Which of the following types of scales represent an Eastern, rather than Western, influence in music?

Pentatonic

Which of the following trends led to the breakdown of tonality in late 19th and early 20th century music?

Heightened Chromatacism

Name the medieval dance form derived from the trouvere repertory characterized by lively and insistent rhythms in triple meter.

Estampie

Where is vocal sound produced?

larynx

Name the term for the fugal process of overlapping entrances of the fugue subject

Stretto

A vocal student's tone is choked and tense, what do you do?

Use "Foster" rather than glottal attacks

Who would be the composer most likely to modulate from C Major to E Major?

Beethoven

What form of jazz was in the 1920's?

Swing

What composer incorporated tone poems in their compositions?

Schubert

What is a distinguishing feature of gamelan music?

duple and triple ostinatos highlighted by gongs

The Waltz form places rhythmic emphasis on which beat?

First Beat

What Italian musical term means "to hurry"?

Affretando

ABACABA represents what form?

Rondo form

Is ternary a compound musical form?

No

A Ballade is a musical form based on what literary form?

Narrative

How did the orchestra shift away from using certain instrument families from the baroque to the classical era?

Violins became dominant string section with lower strings supporting in background.

Tumbadora is another name for what afro-cuban instrument?

The conga

What American musical is considered to be the first complete Broadway musical with a beginning to end plot?

"Show Boat" by Kern and Hammerstein

What is one of the earliest forms of jazz?

New Orleans Jazz

The Sugarhill Gang popularized which term in their 1979 song called Rappers Delight?

Hip Hop

Cajun music of Louisiana traces its roots back to which European culture?

French

What Cuban Style mamo has characteristic rhythmic patter of 2 8ths followed by a quarter note?

Cha-Cha-Cha

What is a traditional form of Japanese theater that stems from the 1600s?

Kabuki (Dance-Drama)

The Middle Eastern (Arabic) "Maqam" system of melodic organization is most similar to which aspect of Western music theory?

Modes (Melodic)

Ostinatos are found extensively in the world music of which region?

India

What is the purpose of a Leitmotif?

It musically represents a person, place, or idea

What group of instruments would a composer choose for a desired "Passionate" sound?

Strings

Which movement in music paralleled the movement in visual arts led by painters such as Monet, Cezanne, Degas, Manet, and Renior?

Impressionism

What form? Monothematic composition in which a single subject is repeated through imitations and development?

Fugue form

What is the foundational tool for beginning improvisation?

Imitation

What is the name of motion of two musical lines where one line stays stationary while the other moves upward or downward?

Oblique Motion

What bow hold difference is there in bass/cello compared to violin?

No pinky on the dot

What is the name of the French Horn technique that allows for a slightly darker tone, easily controlled pitch, and aids in performing extended techniques such as stopped horn or echo horn?

Hand-Horn technique

Generally, how often should a piano be tuned?

Two to Four times a year

What is the name of the soft tissue at the top of the mouth cavity that singers raise?

Velum (Soft Palete)

What physical changes occur in prepubescent students, causing their voices to crack?

The larynx (Adams Apple) enlarges and the vocal chords lengthen and thicken

At what age does the Larynx have the highest placement in the throat?

Infancy

What is the name of the range within a singers vocal abilities that resonates in the most pleasing manner, which is most comfortable to sing?

Tessitura

What is the typical range of an alto voice?

F to D"

How do sopranos hit higher notes with a relaxed sound?

By creating more space in the vocal cavity and relaxing the vocal tract

When arranging music, which group of instruments would best function as a crisp rhythmic flourish?

High Brasses

A beginning student plays the flute with a small and weak tone. What is most likely causing their problem?

The bottom lip is covering too much of the lip plate

What physical aspect of brass performance directly affects changes in dynamics?

Velocity of air

Which percussion instruments are played by striking two objects together?

Concussion Idiophones

What marimba mallet grip provides the most independence for mallet movement?

Musser/Stephens grip

What is most likely the cause of a buzzing sound when a beginner snare drum student plays fast?

He is hammering the sticks, or in other words playing to heavy

(1714-1787) known for his advances in opera.

-he fused both the Italian and French operatic styles to create a more Classical, cosmopolitan opera form.

-simpler, more lyrical, melodic style that made it easier for audiences to understand the words being sung.

Famous works: "Iphigénie en Tauride" (Opera)

"Orfeo ed Euridice" "Armide"

Christoph Willibald Gluck (Early Classical)

(1732 - 1809) is known as both the "Father of the Symphony" and the "Father of the String Quartet."

-He codified both these forms as we know them today.

-Famous works: The Creation, Cello Concerto No. 1, The Seasons, Symphony 45 (Farewell Symphony)

Franz Joseph Haydn (Middle Classical)

(1756 - 1791), a child prodigy. He was a prolific composer across the full spectrum of forms, mastering and innovating on them all, from opera to serenades. One his best compositions centering strings is his String Quartet No. 5 in D major.

-Requiem(Lacrimosa), Eine kleine Nachtmusik, The Magic Flute, Don Giovanni, Piano Concerto No. 21, The Marriage of Figaro,

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (Late Classical)

(1770 - 1827) was born at the start of the Classical Era - raised and trained in its compositional forms and values. However, the force of his personality and talent took the objective, rational, logical vocabulary of Classical music and used it to make emotionally explosive symphonies and chamber music. His one his most challenging string quartets, String Quartet No. 14, Op.131.

-Moonlight Sonata, Septet, Op. 20, Pathetique Sonata, No. 8 Op. 30, Fifth Symphony, Eroica Symphony, Fidelio (Only Opera)

Ludwig van Beethoven (Late Classical into Romantic)

What is another word for Gregorian chant?

Plainsong

Name the order of music eras?

Medieval

Renaissance

Baroque

Classical

Romantic

20th century and 21st century

The Baroque era began in about 1600 and ended at the time of the death of which composer?

Bach

What is a poem sung in Greek tragedy to lament someones death?

Monody

A basso continuo could be played by a harpsichord together with which another instrument?

Cello

Which musical forms were popular in the Baroque era?

Fugue, Sonata, and Opera

The Classical music period spans from the death of which composer to the death of which other composers?

Bach to Beethoven

Which instrument became hugely popular in the Classical era?

Piano

In the Romantic era, the focus was on:

Emotion

How long is John Cage's "Silence" piece?

4'33

What is the name for a piece music that has a religious theme, many movements, and several solos?

Oratorio