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Cathode
The negative side of the x-ray tube, consisting of the filament and focusing cup.
Filament
A small coil of wire (2mm in diameter, 1-2cm long) that emits electrons when heated.
Thermionic Emission
Occurs when outer-shell electrons of filament atoms are "boiled off" and ejected due to high current.
Space Charge Effect
The state where electrons hover around the filament before being accelerated, due to repulsion from one another.
Focusing Cup
Ensures that emitted electrons are confined to focus on the anode.
Anode
The positive side of the x-ray tube, where x-rays are produced due to the deceleration of electrons at the focal spot.
Kilovolt-Peak (kVp)
Accelerates the electrons towards the anode.
Distance Between Cathode and Anode
Approximately 1 cm.