AP World Vocab Unit 8

Self-determination

Self determination is the idea that someone or something can make their own decisions and can control their life.Woodrow Wilson stated that self determination for all colonies should be the main goal following the war.

U.S - Soviet Rivalry

The us- Soviet rivalry was caused due to the United States and Soviet Union having strong economies and wanting to compete to be the strongest state in the world.They competed through things such as the space race and arms race to demonstrate their power.

Ideology of the United States

The United believed in a democratic capitalist state that emphasized a free market economy and participation from citizens to influence the government

Mutual Assured Destruction (MAD)

After the Soviet Union and the US had tested their IBM’s they both realized that if they started a war they would both be destroyed.People hoped this mutual fear of one another would prevent any future wars between them.

Ideology of the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union believed in an authoritarian communist state that emphasized a government controlled economy where money was evenly distributed among citizens and where citizens had no say in the government

Non- Aligned Movement

The Non-Aligned movement was a movement that included newly independent African and Asian states that didn’t want to be economically controlled or influenced by the Soviet Union or the United States.This allowed states in this movement to be more independent and to gain resources and invest in weapons to protect themselves

NATO

NATO was an alliance of non-communist states that would all join in to fight if one of the member states were attacked with the USA being the most prominent member

Nuclear proliferation

Nuclear proliferation was the build up of nuclear artillery; specifically between the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War.After the world recognized the risk of nuclear weapons they signed a nuclear proliferation treaty

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was an alliance of communist states that would join in to fight if one of the member states were attacked with the Soviet Union being the most prominent member

Korean War

The Korean War was a proxy war between the Soviet Union controlled North Korean and the United States controlled South Korean.When North Korean tried to invade South Korean, The US sent troops to defend it while the Soviet Union sent weapons to North Korea

Communist Revolution in China

The communist revolution in China was caused due to the belief that China was implementing Western ideas (democracy) After Japan was driven out of China the sides fought and the CCP won against the Chinese nationalists party with help form the Soviet Union which caused China to turn communist

Great Leap Forward

The Great Leap Forward was an economic plan that focused on industrialization China through the development of heavy industry.Mao focused on industrializing small rural areas which meant that products made there were poor quality due to the workers being inexperienced. on top of this many people died from a famine which mao ignored by not asking for foreign aid and continuing grain exports to try to prove that his brands of communism was the best

White Revolution in Iran

The white revolution in Iran were reforms that came without bloodshed they introduced good things such as women suffrage and a social welfare system, but many people were opposed to the land reforms which were characterized by the government buying land from landowners and reselling it to peasants at a cheaper price this reform didn’t reach many peasants which angered them and the landowners who had to sell their land to government

Communist revolution in Vietnam

Following japans defeat in WW2 their troops left Vietnam after Japan was put Vietnam two governments formed the communist government in the northern section and the anti communist government in the southern section Both of these governments wanted to unite the state under their own views the communist equally distributed land among the people and later launched an invasion of the South with help from the USSR who supplied them weapons

Kwane Nkrumah in British Gold Coast (Ghana)

Kwane Nkrumah led negations for Ghana to be independent from Britain . Since Britain was struggling financially after WW2, they couldn’t afford to suppress rebellions so they agreed to the negotiations causing Ghana to be independent

Tamal adbek nasser in Egypt

Gamal adbel nasser and his partner Muhammad Naguib overthrew the previous Egyptian government and Nasser became president after Muhammad He promoted Islam and socialism and nationalized the banks and farms and he nationalized the Suez Canal which was invested on by the British and French when they heard it was being nationalized they told Israel to invade Egypt and surrounded the waters around the Suez Canal and it took the US and USSR to stop this conflict

Algerian war for independence

The Algerian war for independence was caused due to the high number white French citizens living in Algerias independence form France This caused the National liberation front to be formed which consisted of beber and Arab Muslims who targeted French citizens and soilders French soilders retailed by brutality targeting Algerian citizens and committing several human rights violations the fight for independence ended when Charles de Gaulle started peaceful negotiations with Algeria eventually making them independent in 1962

Muslim league

The Muslim league was formed due to the Muslims in India feeling uncomfortable as they were a minority among the Hindus and both sides didn’t trust each other the Muslims league stated to be created so they wouldn’t be a minority in that state

Creating of Israel

After WW1 Britain took control of Israel under the mandate system Zionism was becoming very popular and Jews started migrating to their homeland in palestain and Britain would make sure Israel had living space in Palestine after WW2 many more Jews were persecuted and fled to Israel so Britain decided to let the United Nations vote on what to do with Palestine they partitionated it into 2 states which deeply angered Palestinians who believed they were treated unfairly as they had no say in what was being done with their land the conflict between Israel and Palestine is still ongoing today

Partition of India

The partition of India was a response to the Muslim league and the concern of the Muslim minority population India it created the new Muslims state Pakistan this caused the Muslims in India to migrate to the north into Pakistan and the Hindus to migrate to the south which caused mass atrocities and led to over 1 million deaths

Indira Ganghi’s economic policies in India

Indira Gandhi was a socialist prime minister when India faced economic troubles from droughts and conflicts with Pakistan she implemented socialist plans that increased government control over the economy so they wouldn’t rely on foreign help and she adopted the green recount which used science to increase agricultural productivity all of these plans ended up reducing inflation and increasing production in India

Imperial metropoles

Imperial metropoles were the former imperial countries that controlled their respective colonies (India metrolope is Britain ) after most imperial states decolonized some people in the previous colonial states decolonized some people in the previous colonial states migrated to metropoles in search for work and due to them having cultural and economic similarities with their colony

Military industrial complex

The military industrial complex increased violence throughout the world because of fear of another world war due to the arms of race the arms race increased militarily investment which caused more jobs to be created which grew the industry even more

Martin Luther King jr

MLK jr was a civil rights activist who was inspired by Ghandi and fought for the equality of the black race in America and nonviolence he also led several non violent movements such as the motogomery bus boycott like Gandhi he was arrested a lot but he was a main cause of anti discrimination laws being eventually passed in the 1960s

Mohandas Gandhi

Mohandas Gandhi was an advocate for nonviolence in India. He was the leader of the Indian National Congress and he promoted retaliating against British colonialism through nonviolent acts such as boycotting. One example of this is the Salt March, where Gandhi and his supporters walked to the sea and harvested their own salt to fight against the British monopoly on salt. Gandhi got arrested multiple times but led India to independence.

Nelson Mandela

 Nelson Mandela led black South Africans against apartheid, which were policies that segregated the white and black South African populations. He originally started with non-violent movements like strikes but after being tried for treason and the Sharpeville massacre, he said that violence was necessary for independence. After being jailed for 20 years, he ran for office and got elected in 1991, officially ending apartheid

Uganda under Idi Amin

Idi Amin led Uganda after a military coup. He led through violence and frequently demonized the south Asian Ugandan population and blamed them for taking jobs even though they helped the economy.. He caused the deaths of thousands of people and targeted his enemies and many different ethnic groups.

Al Qaeda

Al-Qaeda was a terrorist group formed by billionaire Osama Bin Laden. It was formed due to anger towards the United states for involving itself in Middle Eastern states such as Iran, Saudi Arabia and Israel. They responded to this by launching several attacks against the American population, most notably 9/11 in order to try to stop western interference in the middle east, which ended up not being effective.

Advances in US military technology

Due to the U.S having a growing economy unlike the Soviet Union, they invested in things like the SDI and increased surveillance without taking a toll on its living quality.

Soviet invasion of Afghanistan

The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan started in 1979 due to the Soviet Union wanting to control Afghan muslims who wanted to overthrow the soviet union. Due to the US supplying weapons and other resources to the Afghan soldiers, the invasion lasted 9 years and the Soviet Union’s economy was left devastated, as they couldn’t take over Afghanistan and they invested plenty of money into the effort.

Collapse of the Soviet Union

The collapse of the Soviet Union was due to Gorbachev's policies which allowed eastern Bloc states to talk badly about the USSR without suppression and made the government in the USSR less central. He also ceased military intervention in revolts and rebellions to maintain Soviet spheres of influence. In response, many eastern bloc states rebelled and declared independence and the Berlin wall fell, uniting communist and free market Germany. In response, the Soviet Union legislature decided to dissolve the Soviet Union in 1991