2.2: Chemistry: Acetylcholine, Dopamine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine, GABA, and Endorphins

Neurotransmitters

Neurotransmitters

chemicals that change a neuron’s ability and strength

Acetylcholine

The first compound identified as a neurotransmitter. Affects muscle movement and contraction

Dopamine

Neurotransmitter that affects learning, attention, emotion, and movement by inhibiting transmission of neural impulses. Also associated with enjoyment

Serotonin

Neurotransmitter that inhibits most behavior and emotions. Affects arousal, hunger, sleep, and general mood. Antidepressants increase the level of this.

Norepinephrine

An adrenal hormone in both the central and the peripheral nervous system that raises blood pressure and stimulates nerve impulses. Alertness and arousal are increased when this is increased

GABA (gamma-amino butyric acid)

A major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Inhibit’s neurotransmitter’s ability to send signals.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters similar to morphine (an addictive opiate pain-killer). They are released through pain and intense physical activity, and act as the body’s own “narcotic“ to naturally relieve pain.