Overview of Redox and Acid-Base Reactions

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21 Terms

1
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What are redox reactions?

Synthesis, decomposition, and single replacement reactions that involve an element becoming an ion and vice versa.

2
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What does the activity series indicate in single replacement reactions?

It shows which metals are more reactive than others, with higher metals being more reactive.

3
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How are acids defined in chemistry?

Acids are chemicals that increase the amount of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and usually start with hydrogen.

4
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What is a binary acid?

A binary acid does not contain oxygen and is named using the format 'Hydro_______ic Acid'.

5
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What are oxyacids?

Oxyacids contain oxygen from a polyatomic ion and are named based on the ending of the ion: '-ite' becomes '-ous acid' and '-ate' becomes '-ic acid'.

6
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What do bases do in solution?

Bases increase the amount of hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution and are usually ionic compounds with OH-.

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What occurs during a neutralization reaction?

Acids react with bases to form water and salt, with salt being an ionic compound produced in the reaction.

8
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What is the general rule for cations and anions in reactions?

Cations replace cations; anions replace anions, or metals replace metals and nonmetals replace nonmetals.

9
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What characterizes combustion reactions?

Organic molecules react with oxygen in a highly exothermic reaction to produce carbon dioxide and water.

10
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What are the states of matter relevant to chemical reactions?

Solid (s), Liquid (l), Gas (g), Aqueous (aq) - where aqueous indicates a substance dissolved in water.

11
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What is a precipitate?

A solid that results from mixing two solutions, which is insoluble in the solution.

12
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How is a chemical reaction described using copper and nitric acid?

Cu (s) + 4 HNO3(l) → Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O (l) describes the formation of copper nitrate, nitrogen dioxide gas, and water.

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What does the reaction 3 Mg(s) + 2 AlCl3(aq) → 3 MgCl2(aq) + 2 Al (s) illustrate?

It illustrates the reaction of solid magnesium with aqueous aluminum chloride to produce aqueous magnesium chloride and solid aluminum.

14
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What happens in the decomposition of potassium chlorate?

2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g) shows solid potassium chlorate decomposing into solid potassium chloride and oxygen gas.

15
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What is the role of coefficients in describing chemical reactions?

Coefficients are not used in describing reactions; they indicate the number of molecules involved.

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What is the significance of the state of matter in chemical reactions?

The state of matter can affect the reaction process and may change during the reaction.

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What are examples of common acids?

HCl, HNO3, and H3PO4 are examples of acids.

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What are examples of common bases?

NaOH and Ca(OH)2 are examples of bases.

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What is the outcome of a neutralization reaction?

The outcome is the formation of water and an ionic compound (salt).

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What is the general format for naming binary acids?

Binary acids are named using the format 'Hydro_______ic Acid'.

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What are the naming conventions for oxyacids based on polyatomic ions?

If the polyatomic ion ends in '-ite', the acid is '-ous acid'; if it ends in '-ate', the acid is '-ic acid'.