Anatomy :Respiratory System (Gravity & ATL)

During auscultation at the level of the 6th ICS at the midaxillary line, rales or crackles are heard. Which of the following lobes is most likely involved by pneumonia?

Lower lobe of right lung

A 34-year old man comes with a stab wound of the thoracic wall in the area of the right 4th costal cartilage. Which of the following pulmonary structures is present at this site?

Horizontal fissure of right lung

Which of the following muscles does not raise the ribcage?

Internal Intercostals

The rima glottidis is opened by which pair of muscles?

Posterior cricoarytenoid

A 29-year-old woman underwent a thyroidectomy. Post operatively, the patient presented with hoarseness. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured during the operation?

Recurrent Laryngeal

Which of the following are the main actions of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle?

Adducts ligamentous portion of the vocal folds

A 38-year-old post-partial thyroidectomy patient could not abduct the true vocal cords due to a nerve injury due to the operation. Which of the following muscles was most likely denervated?

Posterior cricoarytenoid

Which of the following laryngeal muscles are innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve?

Cricothyroid

During intubation, an endotracheal tube is passed through an opening between the vocal folds. What is the name of this opening?

Rima Glottidis

Which of the following structures provide a pathway for infection to spread to the tympanic cavity of the middle ear?

Pharyngotympanic tube

In which of the following locations would a tumor block the hiatus of the maxillary sinus?

Middle meatus

A decision was made to perform a cricothyrotomy. After palpation of the neck to identify the appropriate landmarks, an incision should most likely be made on which of the following locations?

Between thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage below

A 39-year old man presents in the ENT specialist with hoarseness. Laryngoscopy shows nodules at the vocal cords with normal movement. Which muscle functions to open the rimma glottidis?

Posterior cricoarytenoid

An 11-year old boy was examined by an otorhinolaryngologist for his swollen palatine tonsils. The palatine tonsils are located within the anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars. Which of the ff muscles form these pillars?

Palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus

A 29 year old woman underwent thyroidectomy. Postoperatively, the patient presented with hoarseness. Which of the ff nerves was most likely damaged during the operation?

Recurrent laryngeal

A 30-year old was stabbed at the 4th right costal cartilage of anterior

chest. Which structure was affected?

Horizontal Fissure

A 22-year old male suffered a fracture at the sternal angle after crashing his motorcycle when he failed a landing furing motor-cross race. Which rib was most likely injured?

2nd

Massive atelectasis of the lung can be due to:

Airway blockage due to mucus

Which of the following sinuses is present at birth and begins pneumatization at 4 years of age?

Maxillary Sinus

A 5 year old child came in for epistaxis. Which of the ff. does not contribute to the anastomosis?

Superior facial artery

A 52 y.o patient was due for tracheostomy procedure. In performing this, which would most likely be at risk for injury?

Inferior thyroid vein

The esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm corresponds to which vertebral level:

T10

A 58 year old woman was seen for vomiting and apparently aspirated some of her vomitus. She underwent bronchoscopy and partially digested food was seen blocking the origin of right superior lobar bronchi. Which of these bronchopulmonary segments will be affected by this obstruction?

Apical, anterior, posterior

A 5 year old kid was seen playing with his small le minifigure. Soon after, he was suddenly choking and coughing while the mother noted the minifigure was missing its head. Which of the tracheobronchial trees was most likely lodged?

Right Primary bronchus

A 23-year old chainsmoker was admitted for difficulty in breathing. Patient has a large pleural effusion on the left lung. In performing thoracentesis, through which of the intercostal space will the tube be inserted?

Left 5th ICS midaxillary line