AP Bio : Unit 1

Null hypothesis

hypothesis that the experiment will yield the same results as control, no results

alternate hypothesis

if then format hypothesis, traditional hypothesis from what's expected

degrees of freedom

number of choices in an experiment minus 1

p-value

confidence level cut off

standard deviation SD

shows variation of the data set, how central the data is to the mean

standard error of the mean SEM

how close most data is to the mean

overlapping error bars

means are not statistically different, null hypothesis

non overlapping error bars

means are statistically different, experiment yielded results

what standard deviation do you use?

2SD 95%

if p value > degree of freedom…

null hypothesis is correct

if p value < degree of freedom

not null hypothesis, accept alternate

carb monomers

simple sugars or complex sugars

simple sugars structure

monosaccharides or disaccharides, linear or rings

complex sugars structure

polysaccharide, linear or branched

carb polarity

polar

OH groups

polar, easily forms H-bonds w/ water

hydrolysis

water is forced into polysaccharides to break their glycosite bonds = saccharides

dehydration synthesis

h2o is extracted from saccharides = disaccharide + h2o

lipid monomer 

saturated or unsaturated fat

lipid structure

2-3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol

lipid polarity

non polar

saturated fats

straight chain, no double bonds in chain, solid @ room temp

why is saturated fat solid @ room temp

its straight chained and flat so they slot together easy

unsaturated fats

bent chain, double bonds in chain, liquid @ room temp

why is unsaturated fat liquid @ room temp

its kinked so its more difficult to slot together and be a stable solid

protein monomer

amino acids

protein structure

amino group + carboxyl group + r group

protein polarity

polar

nucleic acid monomer

nucleotide

nucleotide structure

5 carbon sugar + phosphate group + nitrogenous base

nucleotide polarity

polar

DNA structure

ATGC deoxyribose

RNA structure

AUGC ribose