Chapter 16 (Exam 3)

Trephining

An early treatment for mental illness involving making a hole in the skull to release spirits

Philippe Pinel

A French physician (late 1700s) who argued for more humane treatment of the mentally ill

Dorothea Dix

A 19th century social reformer who advocated for the indigent insane and helped create the first asylums

Asylums

The first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders

Deinstitutionalization

The closing of large asylums, providing for people to be treated locally in their communities

Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Talk therapy based on the belief that the unconscious and childhood conflicts impact behavior

Play therapy

Psychoanalytic therapy used for children where interaction with toys is used instead of talk

Behavior therapy

Therapy that applies principles of learning to change undesirable behaviors

Cognitive therapy

Therapy that focuses on how thoughts lead to feelings of distress; aims to change cognitive distortions

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Therapy that works to change both cognitive distortions and self defeating behaviors

Humanistic therapy

Therapy focused on helping people achieve their potential by increasing self awareness and acceptance

Psychoanalysis

Freud's first form of psychotherapy, aimed at uncovering repressed feelings

Free association

A psychoanalytic technique where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind

Transference

A psychoanalytic concept where the patient transfers emotions associated with other relationships onto the psychoanalyst

Psychotropic medications

Medications used to treat the symptoms of psychological disorders

Antipsychotics

Medications used to treat psychosis (e

g

, hallucinations) by blocking dopamine

Antidepressants

Medications that alter levels of serotonin and norepinephrine to treat depression and anxiety

Anti anxiety agents

Medications that depress central nervous system activation

Rogerian/Client Centered Therapy

A non directive humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers

Non directive therapy

The therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the client identify feelings

Active listening

A technique where the therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses

Unconditional positive regard

A Rogerian concept where the therapist does not judge clients and accepts them for who they are

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique where a client learns a new response to a stimulus

Aversive conditioning

A form of counterconditioning that uses an unpleasant stimulus to stop an undesirable behavior

Exposure therapy

A behavior therapy technique that seeks to change the response to a conditioned stimulus by repeated exposure

Systematic desensitization

A type of exposure therapy where a calm state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety inducing stimuli

ABC model (CBT)

A model used in CBT: Action (activating event), Belief about the event, Consequences of the belief

Intake

The therapist's first meeting with a client to assess clinical needs, confidentiality, and fees

Confidentiality

The therapist cannot disclose confidential communications unless mandated or permitted by law

Sociocultural model

A perspective that looks at a client's behaviors and symptoms in the context of their culture and background

Cultural competence

The ability of mental health professionals to understand and address issues of race, culture, and ethnicity