New Deal Test 12/18

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region

AAA

Agricultural Adjustment Administration: attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm subsidies; ruled unconstitutional in 1936; no sharecroppers/tenant farmers, no Great Plains

TVA

The Tennessee Valley Authority federation was created in 1933 in order to provide navigation, flood control, hydropower, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley

FERA

Federal Emergency Relief Administration: Direct relief headed by Harry Hopkins and created the CWA

CCC

Civilian Conservation Corps. It was the Relief that provided work for young men 18-25 years old in helping the environment, hired minorities but segregated, gave education and shelter, sent money home to family

FDIC

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits, raised to $5000, restores trust in banks

CWA

Civil Works Administration: Created by FERA, built more small-scale projects like parks

SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission: Regulated the stock market, protected against fraud

NIRA

The National Industrial Recovery Act: control cutback production in order to increase revenue, created NRA and PWA, the Supreme Court labelled it unconstitutional

NRA

National Recovery Administration: established and administered a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices. Hugh Johnson, the symbol was a blue eagle

SCS

Soil Conservation Service: Hugh Hammond Bennett, taught proper farming practices in the Great Plains regions

PWA

Public Works Administration: Large-scale projects like the Lincoln Tunnel, created by NIRA, Harold Ickes

HOLC

Home Owners Loan Corporation: Refinance mortgages, no non-farmers, no families over 4, house can't be more than 25,000 dollars

Social Security Act

This program created a pension for the elderly, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependent children/ the disabled

Hodling Company Act

This law broke up 13 major utility holding companies

Europen Americans

FDR recognized the importance of European immigrants for labor despite animosity

African Americans

Were not included in programs except for TVA, CWA, and CCC

Eleanor Roosevelt

Member of Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), disinvited for trying to get Marion Anderson to perform, was invited to perform in front of the Lincoln Memorial

Black Cabinet

Advise the president, second-level posts, meaning they did not hold much power

A. Philip Randolph

Threatened a march on Washington, forcing FDR to concede

Fair Employment Practice Committee

After FDR conceded, workplaces were investigated for discrimination

Repatration

People who appeared to be Mexican were checked for citizenship, and if they were not, were arrested and immediately deported, focused mainly in California and the Southwest West

Invisible Minority

Mexican Americans refused to go to mainstream public

Mexican Americans

Helped blue-collar industries, but were excluded from social security and the NLRA

Dawes Act of 1887

Stripped tribal land away from Native Americans

1920s Bureau of Indian Affairs

Enforced children to attend boarding schools for Native Americans, and their hair length was cut short

John Collier

New head of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, appointed by FDR

Pueblo Relief Act

Compensation for lost land

Johnson-O'Malley Act

Money for Native Americans' healthcare, welfare, and education

Indian Reorganization Act

Restored tribal ownership of land and provided federal economic-development funds

Emergency Banking Act

A government legislation passed during the depression that dealt with the bank problem. The act allowed a plan which would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.

FDR governed this state

New York

Economy Act

Balanced the budget

Glass-Steagall Act

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and included banking reforms, some of which were designed to control speculation

Bank Holiday

closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen

Securities Act

required companies that sold stocks and bonds to provide complete and truthful information to investors, and regulate the stock market

Protective Legislation

Women gave up on fighting for equality during the New Deal and instead called for this

Technocrats

Highly educated men in the second New Deal

Labor's Non-Partisan League

a union organization that focused money and energy into FDR's re-election

Wagner Act

Also National Labor Relations Act; granted rights to unions; allowed collective bargaining

Father Coughlin

Wanted nationalization of all banks

UAW

(United Auto Workers) who had a sit-down strike till GW(General Motors) gave into their demands

Roosevelt Coalition

Supporters of FDR and the Democratic Party: made up of those on relief, farmers, Southern whites, minorities, intellectuals, and European immigrants

Underconsumption

a situation in which people are purchasing fewer goods than the economy is producing

Wealth Tax Act

raised taxes on the nation's wealthiest people

Dr. Townsend

Wanted a pension plan for the elderly

Norman Thomas

Supporter of socialism

Banking Act

Strengthened the Federal Reserve

Huey Long

Share Our Wealth plan which called for a radical redistribution of income

John Maynard Keynes

Supports deficit spending

Reciprocal Trade Act

Lowering tariffs as much as 50% in return for reciprocal reductions by other nations

Frances Perkins

First female cabinet member, was the Secretary of Labor

World Economic Conference

FDR pulled America from this because he felt it would hurt progress

Social Security

Gave pensions to elderly, insurance for the unemployed, and aid to the disabled/families with dependent children

REA

Rural Electrification Administration: made electricity available to rural, isolated areas

USSR(Russia)

FDR established diplomatic ties with this nation

Court Packing Scandal

FDR wanted to hire more justices who supported him in order to pass more bills

Tom Girdler

Wanted communism

AFL

American Federation of Labor. Exclusive workers

CIO

Congress of Industrial Organizations. Minorities allowed