Theo final 2025

Morality

A set of values that guide someone's choices

Conscience

Moral intuitions

Values

Things that affect our character

Habit

Regular pattern of acts

Virtue

A good habit

Vice

A bad habit

Objects

What one is trying to do/intention

Circumstances

What actually happens

Ends

What happens as a result/outcome

The Principle of Double Effect (& its inverse)

Evil ends can be justified by good objects in the best circumstance

-inverse: good ends can justify evil objects

Justice

Giving everybody what is owed to them

Rights

What is owed to you

Positive Right

Right that requires action from society

Negative Right

Right that requires inaction from society

Three approaches to justice

1. Welfare: make as many people happy as possible

2. Liberty: make as many people free as possible

3. Virtue: make as many people good as possible

Imago Dei

Denotes symbolic relations between God & humanity

• made in the image of God

-like God in some ways: freewill, love, conscience, highly intelligent

Original Holiness

The state of grace & perfect harmony that existed between God & humanity before the fall

Original Sin

Imperfect state that humans are born into because of the fall

Moral Realism

Some outside force/authority determines right/wrong

• Morality is objective

Moral Relativsm

Human society/culture determines what is right and wrong

• Morality is subjective

Love

Willing the good of another for their sake

Will

Sum of one's desires

Cardinal Virtues

1. Fortitude

2. Prudence

3. Justice

4. Temperance

-Developed on your own

Theological Virtues

1. Faith

2. Hope

3. Love

-Given by God

Libertarianism

Maximizing liberty

Natural Law

Everything has a natural use & the secondary use cannot destroy its natural use

Natural Use

Intended/designed use

Secondary Use

Alternative use

Contraception

The deliberate use of methods, devices/practiceto prevent pregnancy

Natural Family Planning

Tracking fertility cycles to avoid pregnancy

Stereotype

An assumption about individual based on group identity

Prejudice

Active hostility towards a group

Discrimination

Exclusion/oppression of a group

"Seamless Garment"

Humans have a right to life/dignity from contraception to natural death

Abortion

Terminating a pregnancy

Ancient World (Legality of Abortion)

Until birth, infanticicle

British Common Law (Legality of Abortion)

20 weeks (Quickening)

American Law 1900- 1972 (Legality of Abortion)

Illegal in most cases

Roe v. Wade (Legality of Abortion)

24-28 weeks, point of viability

Dobbs v. Jackson (Legality of Abortion)

Up to Federal government

Terminal Illness

Diseases that cannot be treated/cured

-result=death

Physician Assisted Dying

Physician prescribes drugs to end a terminally ill patient's life

Euthanasia

Painless killing of a patient suffering from a terminal illness

Palliative Care

Medical approach that aims to improve quality of life for patients with life threatening illnesses

Virtue Ethics

Welfare, liberty, & virtue

-focuses on maximizing goodness

Socratic Dialogue

Philosophical "play," that teaches through Q/A

Ex: The Cave

Theory of Forms/Platonism

Material World is a reflection of higher realities

Philosopher King

Enlightened leader to rule society

Telos

Purpose/goal

Deposit of Faith

What God has revealed of himself/what we know about God

-Oral/Written:

1. Scripture

2.Tradition

The Magisterium

Authority of the church to interpret Deposit of Faith

Encyclical

Formal letter by the Pope

The Problem of Evil

if God is all good & all powerful, why is there evil?

Theodicy

Response to the Problem of Evil

Greater Good Theodicy

It brings about a greater good

Soul- Making Theodicy

Cause there are certain lessons/virtues we can grow & learn with suffering

Privation of Good

Evil is a lack of good

-evil does not exist

Seven Themes of Catholic Social Teaching

1. Life & Dignity of the Human Person

2. Rights & Responsibilities

3. Care for God's creation

4. Dignity of work

5. Solidarity

6. Call to family & community

7. Preferential option for the poor

Capitalism

Economic system based on acquiring means of production

Socialism

1. Workers seize means of production

2. Government controls industries

3. Eliminate private property

Means of Production

Material needed to make a product

-ex. Worker: Chair makerProduction: Chair

Trickle Down Economics

Cut government spending, taxes, & regulation while reducing social welfare programs

-"Economic Justice for All:" responds to this

Liberation Theology

Interprets scripture through lived experience of poor & marginalized

Explain the relationship between will, values, and habits

All of these together determine the characteristics of a person.

What does it mean that humans are made in God's image?

God loves everyone and everyone is equal in His eyes. We were granted a particular likeness to God.

How did Adam's first sin damaged human relationships with God, other humans, and creation?

It made God not trust the human race and put a huge dent in our relationship with God. Now everyone knows worldly things and are tempted by sin and the devil.

Summarize God's plan to save humanity, as described by C.S Lewis. (4 steps)

1. Leaves us a conscience

2. "Good dreams" ---> other cultures besides jew story abt death/resurrection, point of this once God came it would make sense to other cultures

3. Prepares a chosen people