Week 10 Primer

Cancer

refers to a large group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and spread of abnormal cells

True or false: cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the US

true

Neoplasia

new growth

Neoplasm

abnormal growth of tissue; growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal tissue

Proto-oncogenes are ___-growth

pro

Tumor suppressor genes are ___-growth

anti

True or false: cell division happens on a schedule

true

What is cell division regulated by?

internal mechanisms such as proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, environmental cues, chemical cues, and hormonal cues

Internal cue disruption of cell division can be caused by which things?

genetics, infection, and carcinogen exposure

Carcinogenesis

process of normal cell undergoing malignant transformation

Proto-oncogenes

stimulate cell division; too much acceleration

Tumor suppressor genes

suppress cell division; too little braking

Differentiation

process by which cells undergo physical or structural changes to form different body tissues

Anaplastic cells are

a) related to parent cell

b) unrelated to parent cell

b

Dysplasia

disorganization of cells in size, shape, organization

True or false: dysplasia is irreversible

false

What is the first phase of dysplasia?

metaplasia

Metaplasia

abnormal change from one cell type to another

Hyperplasia

increase in number of cells in tissue; increased tissue mass

What is a normal example of increased tissue mass?

increased breast mass during pregnancy

What is an abnormal example of increased tissue mass?

increased breast mass due to neoplasm

Tumor

neoplasm; abnormal growth of new tissue

True or false: benign means non-invasive

true

True or false: malignant means invasive

true

Carcinoma in situ

cancer cells present only in the original tissue

True or false: carcinoma in situ is not considered pre-invasive and premalignant

false

What is the suffix for benign tumors?

-oma

What is the suffix for malignant tumors?

carcinoma or sarcoma

Benign Tumors are

a) non-invasive

b) invasive

c) slow growing

d) fast growing

e) encapsulated

f) non-capsulated

g) well-differentiated

h) poorly differentiated

i) a, c, e, w

j) b, d, f, h

i

Malignant tumors are

a) non-invasive

b) invasive

c) slow growing

d) fast growing

e) encapsulated

f) non-capsulated

g) well-differentiated

h) poorly differentiated

i) a, c, e, w

j) b, d, f, h

j