Physiology Chapter 22: Metabolism and Energy Balance単語カード | Quizlet

What are the two competing behavioral states

appetite (or hunger) and satiety

appetite

desire for food

satiety

sense of fullness (or satisfaction)

what two key control centers belong to the hypothalamus

feed center and satiety center

what are the four types of input to the hypothalamus?

- neural input from cerebral cortex

- neural input from limbic system

- peptide hormones from GI tract

- adipocytokines from adipose tissue

what do adipose tissues do

they store fat

- signaling molecules that affect the hypothalamus

Glucostatic theory

- theory on regulation of food intake

- blod glucose levels control the feeding and satiety center

lipostatic theory

- theory on regulation of food intake

- fats regulate the feeding and satiety centers

which of the two - theories on regulation of food intake is more accepted and why?

lipostatic theory because we have adipose tissues that store fat

which two peptides support the lipostatic theory

leptin and neuropeptide Y

energy output equation

heat+work

what are the three categories of work done by cell?

- membrane transport: such as Na/K pump

- Mechanical work: actually movement of body thru muscles

- chemical work: building and breaking molecules (anabolism/catabolism)

what is short term energy storage

ATP, want to use it right away

what is long term energy storage

gylcogen and fat, want to store it use it when it's necessary (breakdown of glucose to get energy)

Direct colimertry

- method of measuring energy use

- measure energy content of food; calorie counting

indirect caloirmetry

- method of measuring energy use

- measuring how much your body burns

- estimates metabolic rate

what are the two components of measuring metabolic rate

ratio of Oxygen consumption to carbon dioxide production

what is the most common measure of metabolic rate

basal metabolic rate

what are six factors that affect metabolic rate and how

1. age/ gender: young males are faster

2. amount of lean muscle: more muscle, faster

3. activity level: more active, faster

4. energy intake (diet): more food, faster

5. hormones: secrete hormones at different age

6. genetics: some people have genes that make them faster

how is glycogen (highly branched polymer of glucose) used to store energy

-stored glycogen binds water

- liver glycogen regulate blood glucose

- muscle glycogen powers muscle contraction

how is fat (triglyceride) used to store energy

- fats have higher energy content per gram

- little water is required for fat storage

- energy in fats is harder and slower to access

two types of metabolic pathway and what do they do?

1. anabolic: building of molecules

2. catabolic: breakdown of molecules

what is done with energy in metabolism

1. extract energy from nutrients

2. use energy for work and synthesis

3. store excess energy

lipogenesis v lypolysis

formation of fat vs breaking down to fat to free fatty acid

gluconeogenesis vs glycogenolysis

formation of glucose vs breakdown of glucose

fed state and what process are results of it

-eating

- increase secretion of insulin

- result in glucose oxidation, glycogen synthesis, fat synthesis, protein synthesis

fasted state

- not eating

- increase secretion of glucagon

- results in glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis