Joints and ligaments

Synarthrosis

no movement

Fibrous - suture and gomphosis

cartilaginous - synchondrosis(ribs to sternum)

bony fusion - frontal

Amphiarthrosis

little movement

fibrous- syndesmosis (ligaments connecting bones)

cartilaginous - symphysis (pubic symphysis)

diarthrosis

free movement

Synovial

Synovial

Free movement joints that are covered by articular cartilagesand are encapsulated within a synovial membrane, allowing for lubrication and smooth movement.

bursae

small sac-like structures filled with synovial fluid that reduce friction between tissues and act as shock absorbers

Angular motion

Adduction and abduction (ex leg goes to the side)

Extension and flex ( kicking = flexion donkey kick = extension)

Circumduction ( spelling 'O’ with arm)

Rotational

Pronation (move palm posterior)

Supination (move palm anterior)

Special Movements

Eversion and Inversion (sole of foot out, sole of foot in)

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion (raising and lowering the foot

Lateral flexion ( bending spine laterally)

Protraction and Retraction (jutting out chin)

Depression and elevation (chewing)

Opposition and reposition ( move thumb into palm)

Plane Joint

Sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints

intercarpal and intertarsal joints

sacro-iliac jointsallow movement in one plane such as flexion and extension.

Pivot Joint

Atlanto-axial jointand proximal radioulnar joint, allowing rotational movement around a single axis.

Saddle joint

First carpometacarpal jointand other joints allowing movement in two planes, providing a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction.

Hinge joint

Elbow

knee

ankle

interphalangeal

Condylar joint

Metacarpophalangeal

radiocarpal jointand joints that allow movement in two planes, including flexion, extension, and some rotation.

Ball and socket

Shoulder and hip