states of consciousness

Psychology began as a science of?

Consciousness

What did behaviorists argue about?

alienating consciousness from psychology.

What occurred after 1960?

Mental concepts (consciousness) started reentering psychology.

Sleep

The irresistible tempter to whom we inevitably succumb.

What is a 24-hour cycle?

Humans experience 24-hour cycles of varying alertness (sleep), body temperature, and growth hormone secretion.

What is a 90-minute cycle?

We go through various stages of sleep in 90-minute cycles.

Circadian Rhythms

occur on a 24-hour cycle and include sleep and wakefulness, which are disrupted during transcontinental flights.

About every ____ minutes, we pass through a cycle of five distinct sleep stages.

90

AWAKE & ALERT

During strong mental engagement, the brain exhibits low-amplitude fast irregular beta waves(15-30 cps)

AWAKE BUT RELAXED

Sleep Stages 1-2

-light sleep

-brain enters high amplitude, slow regular waves called THETA waves(5-8cps)

Sleep Stages 3-4

-during deepest sleep

-brain activity slows down

-large amplitudes (delta waves 1.5-4 cps)

REM Sleep

Sleep Deprivation

1. Fatigue and subsequent death.

2. Impaired concentration.

3. Emotional irritability.

4. Depressed immune system.

5. Greater vulnerability.

Sleep Protects

Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm's way.

Sleep Recuperates

Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue.

Sleep Helps Remembering

Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories.

Sleep and Growth

During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

Somnambulism

Sleepwalking

Nightmares

Frightening dreams that wake a sleeper from REM.

Night Terrors

Sudden arousal from sleep with
intense fear accompanied by physiological
reactions (e.g., rapid heart rate, perspiration)
that occur during SWS

Nacrolepsy

An overpowering urge to fall asleep that may occur while talking or standing up.

Sleep apnea

Failure to breathe while sleeping.