Week 1 review (global)

Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Empire

Stretched over Europe, Asia, Africa. Diverse empire with many religions.

Millets

Religious communities for non-Muslims (minorities).

Devshirme

20% of Christian boys given over to the government, converted to Islam, and served the government.

Janissaries

Elite warriors of the Ottomans, many of whom were from the devshirme system.

The Mughals

Ruled India as Muslims and governed over a mostly Hindi population.

Akbar the Great

Promoted diversity and religious tolerance during Mughal rule.

Aurangzeb

Oppressed non-Muslim groups during Mughal rule.

Jizya

Tax paid by non-Muslims in Muslim-ruled regions

Tokugawa

Ruled Japan, ended the warring states period between the daimyo.

Alternate residence duty (Santin Koa)

Daimyo live half the year at Edo, the other half had to leave family behind. Similar to the Kings of France requiring nobles to live in the Palace of Versailles.

Tokugawa started

Japanese isolationism

Enlightenment in Europe

Happened during the 1600s-1700s.

Enlightenment all about

Power to the people, ended absolutism.

John Locke

Natural rights (life, liberty, property), overthrow government if not protecting rights.

Montesquieu

Separation of power.

Voltaire

Free speech/separation of Church and State.

Rousseau

Social contract/will of the majority.

William Wilberforce

Abolitionism, end slavery.

Catherine the Great

Enlightened Despot.

Mary Wollstonecraft

Women's education.

French Revolution started b/c

Tired of Absolutism/ inspired by Enlightenment.

Bourgeoisie

Want a say in the government.

Unfair taxes

Only the third estate paid.

Tennis Court Oath

Pledge to not stop until a constitution limiting the king's power is established.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Document granting rights to the people.

Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen

Written by Olympe de Gouges, advocating for women's rights.

Olympe de Gouges

Author of the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and Citizen, killed during the Reign of Terror.

Reign of Terror

Period of violence where perceived enemies of the Enlightenment were executed by guillotine.

Napoleon

Takes over and declares himself emperor.

Scorched Earth Policy

Strategy of burning resources to deny them to the enemy, used by Russians against the French.

Congress of Vienna

Conference that restored limited monarchy in France.

Haiti was a

French Colony

Haitian Revolution led by

Toussaint L'Ouverture

1st Haitian Revolution

Goal - Gain freedom of slaves (inspired by Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen)

2nd Haitian Revolution

Goal - Gain independence from France

Latin America independence

Fighting for independence from Spain

Latin American independence Inspired by

Nationalism after Napoleon made his French brother the king of Spain

Two main leaders of the Latin independence movement

Simon bolivar, Jose de San Martin

Italy used to be

Divided into multiple states with the same culture.

Unification inspired by

nationalism.

Main leaders of Italian unification

Mazzini, Cavour, Garibaldi

Victor Emmanuel

First king of Italy.

Germany use to be

Divided into multiple states with the same culture.

Prussia

Strongest state pushing for unification.

Otto von Bismarck

Main leader for German unification.

"Blood and Iron" -Otto von Bismarck

Germany unified through war and industrialization.

Wilhelm

First kaiser/emperor of Germany.