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long term cause of ww1- alliances examples
-treaty of london 1839 meant that britain would protect belgium if attacke
long term causes of ww1-empires example
-germany and france wanted morocco, france got it so germany sent warships to morocco in 1911
long term causes of ww1-militarism
arms race - 1908 germany built 4 dreadnoughts, britain built 2
short term cause of wwi
28 june archduke franz ferdinand killed in bosnia by gavrilo princip
what was the schlieffen plan
germany attack france first through belgium then deal with russia
7 main battles of wwi and number of casulties and date
1915-champagne-france lost 50k
march 1915-neave chapelle-britain lost 11k
april 1915-2nd battle of ypres-france lost 10k
sep-1915-loos-britain lost 60k
feb 1916-verdun-france lost 315k, germany lost 280k
july 1916-somme-britain lost 600k, germany lost 450k
1917-passchendaele-500k lost
treaty of versailles rules (gargle)
Guilt (accept blame)
Army (100k men, 6 battleships, no planes, sub etc)
Reparations (6.6 bil)
Germany lost land (A-L, Rhineland, Polish corridor)
League of Nations set up
Extra (Germany banned from uniting with Austria)
suffragettes definition
militant campaigners for womens rights
why did suffragettes want vote
to elect politicians that can change their lives
what prevented them from having the vote
government thought it wasnt serious enough, and their increasing violence put people off supporting them
hitlers foreign policy aims
-reverse treaty of versailles
-bring all german speaking ppl to germany
-get lebensraum (living space) for germans
-destroy communism
hitlers 7 steps to war (crascup) with dates
1935-Conscription + Rearmament
7 March 1936- Rhineland
March 1938- Austria
September 1938- Sudetenland / Munich agreement
March 1939- Czechoslovakia
August 1939- USSR and Germany pact
September 1939- Poland
blitzkrieg meaning and dates
lightning warfare sep 1940-may 1941
battle of britain, britain advantages (4)
tech-communication systems, radar signals
weapons-britain had better aircraft
tactics-luftwaffe leader wasnt very good at tactics
leadership-RAF leader- Hugh Dowding good at tech, Luftwaffe leader Hermann Groering didnt understand modern warfare
when was battle of britain
july-sep 1940
operation barbarossa plan and why he thought it would work
invade USSR for lebensraum and destroy communism
germany seemed impossible to defeat, soviet union army weaker than france, who was recently defeated by germany
why did ussr invasion fail
due to unexpected harsh weather (-40 C), germany didnt have enough resources, underestimated size and tactics of army
d-day: who invaded, where and when
USA, UK + Canada, Normandy beach in France, 6 June 1944
atomic bombs: where, when, casulties, names of bombs
hiroshima: little man, 6/8/45, 70k dead
nagasaki: fat man, 9/8/45, 36k dead
why did japan attack the us
to get land, fear that the us would stop them from taking land
why did truman approve droppings of bombs
-end war quickly
-scare soviet union
-revenge
-get moneys worth
holocaust meaning and deaths
when nazis killed european jews in wwii, 6 million jews died
anti semitism
hatred of jews
why were jews hated
blamed for killing jesus, werent ‘proper germans’
when were jews under nazi rule
1933-1941
what happened to jews whilst under nazi rule (3)
1933: germans encouraged to boycott nazi shops
-1935: german/jew relationships illegal
1938:stores owned by jews vandalised
nuremberg laws
anti-semitism laws established by nazis
kristallnacht
destroying jewish stores
ghettos
small parts of town where jews were segregated
einsatzgruppen
ss death squads responsible for mass killings of jews
genocide
killing of a particular race
final solution
final way nazis attempted to kill jews using gas chambers
how did concentration camps prepare for the final solution (4)
-timetables drawn up
-police, soldiers helped
-arrangements made for jewish people to be rounded