NHA PCT MODULE 4

Dermal punctures

Collection method using a small skin incision.

Venipuncture

Blood collection from a vein using a needle.

Nonblood specimens

Samples collected that do not contain blood.

Blood-culture collection

Process to detect infections in the bloodstream.

Adverse reactions

Negative responses to blood collection procedures.

Specimen handling

Proper techniques for managing collected samples.

Quality control

Measures to ensure accuracy in testing results.

Disease transmission

Spread of pathogens through blood or body fluids.

Personal protective equipment

Gear to protect against exposure to hazards.

Types of precautions

Strategies to minimize risk of infection.

Bloodborne pathogens

Infectious microorganisms in human blood.

Equipment sanitization

Cleaning to remove contaminants from tools.

Disinfection

Process to eliminate most pathogens on surfaces.

Sterilization

Complete destruction of all microorganisms.

Exposure control plan

Guidelines to prevent occupational exposure incidents.

Biohazard material disposal

Safe disposal of hazardous biological waste.

Sharps container

Puncture-proof container for used needles.

Biohazard symbol

Label indicating presence of hazardous materials.

Leak-proof bag

Container for disposing of non-sharp biohazard waste.

OSHA standards

Regulations for workplace safety and health.

Accidental exposure policies

Procedures to follow after exposure incidents.

Incident report

Documentation of exposure incidents for review.

Heavily soiled gauze

Gauze contaminated with bodily fluids or pathogens.

Glass capillary tubes

Used for precise blood sample collection.

Systemic circuit

Pathway for blood circulation throughout the body.

Pulmonary circuit

Pathway for blood circulation to and from lungs.

Plastic vacuum tubes

Used for blood collection with vacuum seal.

Bandages

Dressings used to cover wounds or injuries.

Biohazard

Material posing a risk to health due to pathogens.

Disease transmission

Spread of infectious agents between individuals.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Gear worn to protect against exposure to hazards.

Exposure control plan

Strategy to minimize risk of exposure to hazards.

Equipment sanitization

Process of cleaning to remove contaminants.

Disinfection

Killing or inactivation of pathogens on surfaces.

Sterilization

Complete elimination of all microorganisms.

Follow-up examinations

Subsequent assessments after initial medical evaluation.

Accidental fluids exposure

Unintentional contact with potentially infectious fluids.

Eye wash station

Facility for rinsing eyes after chemical exposure.

Antiseptic

Substance used to reduce infection risk on skin.

Sharps injury log

Record of injuries from sharp objects.

Postexposure prophylaxis

Preventive treatment after potential exposure to pathogens.

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, affects immune system.

HBV

Hepatitis B Virus, causes liver infection.

HCV

Hepatitis C Virus, leads to liver disease.

Infection control practices

Methods to prevent spread of infections in healthcare.

Accidental exposure

Unintentional contact with blood or body fluids.

Needlestick injury

Puncture from a used needle.

Personal protective equipment

Gear worn to protect against exposure risks.

Exposure control plan

Strategies to minimize risk of exposure.

Disinfection

Process that reduces microbial activity on surfaces.

Sterilization

Complete destruction of all pathogens and spores.

Chemical disinfectants

Substances used to eliminate pathogens on surfaces.

Ethyl alcohol

Common disinfectant, effective at 70% to 90% concentration.

Isopropyl alcohol

Effective disinfectant, typically used at 70% to 90%.

Bleach solution

1:10 dilution used for disinfecting surfaces.

Detergent and water

Initial cleaning solution before disinfection.

Antimicrobial film

Layer left by some disinfectants to inhibit growth.

Contact time

Duration disinfectant must remain on surface.

Dry heat sterilization

Method using hot air to sterilize equipment.

Ultraviolet radiation

Sterilization method using UV light exposure.

Autoclave

Device using steam under pressure for sterilization.

Environmental services

Department responsible for cleaning and disinfecting.

Inpatient setting

Hospital environment where patients receive care.

Cleaning protocol

Guidelines for proper disinfection and cleaning.

Gloves

Protective wear for handling disinfectants.

Antimicrobial spectrum

Range of microorganisms affected by an agent.

Fast-acting

Quickly effective in eliminating pathogens.

Active organic matter

Functioning effectively despite presence of organic debris.

Nontoxic to humans

Safe for human exposure without harmful effects.

Compatible surfaces

Can be used on various material types.

Personal protective equipment

Gear worn to minimize exposure to hazards.

Bloodborne pathogens standard

OSHA regulations for preventing blood exposure.

Equipment sanitization

Process to reduce microbial load on surfaces.

Disinfection

Elimination of most pathogens on surfaces.

Exposure control plan

Strategy to minimize risk of exposure incidents.

Disease transmission

Spread of infectious agents between hosts.

Sharps containers

Specialized bins for disposing of sharp objects.

Upright containers

Positioning to prevent spillage of contents.

Overfilling risks

Increases chances of needlestick injuries.

Leak-resistant

Prevents fluids from escaping containers.

Puncture-resistant

Durable against sharp objects penetrating surface.

Fill level visibility

Clear indication of how full a container is.

One-handed scoop method

Technique for safely recapping needles.

HBV vaccination

Immunization against Hepatitis B virus.

Employee training

Education on safe handling of blood and fluids.

Engineering controls

Physical changes to reduce exposure risks.

Record-keeping requirements

Documentation of safety practices and incidents.

Sharps

Instruments that can cause puncture wounds.

Sharps container

Rigid, leakproof container for disposing sharps.

Needlestick injury

Injury from a needle puncturing the skin.

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

Gear worn to protect against infection.

Contact precautions

Measures to prevent infection spread via contact.

Airborne precautions

Protocols for infections spread through airborne particles.

Droplet precautions

Measures for infections spread via respiratory droplets.

Negative-pressure room

Room designed to contain airborne pathogens.

Reverse isolation

Protective environment for immunocompromised patients.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Bacteria resistant to common antibiotics.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE)

Bacteria resistant to vancomycin antibiotic.

C. difficile

Bacteria causing severe gastrointestinal infection.

Infection transmission

Spread of pathogens from one host to another.