SNC1W Final Exam
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Grade 9 Science Review
Last updated 8:32 PM on 1/18/26
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83 Terms
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WHIMS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
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Where WHMIS is used
Schools, jobs, and public spaces
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Physical change
A change in size, shape, color, or form with no new substance created
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Is a physical change reversible?
Yes, it can usually be reversed
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Example of a physical change
Cutting cloth
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Chemical change
A change where substances combine to form a new substance
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Is a chemical change reversible?
No, it cannot be reversed
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Example of a chemical change
Burning toast
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Physical properties
Characteristics observed without changing the substance (color, mass, density)
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Chemical properties
Characteristics describing how a substance reacts (flammability, reactivity)
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Bohr-Rutherford diagram
A diagram showing protons, neutrons, and electrons in shells
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What do Bohr-Rutherford diagrams show
Number of valence electrons
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How many electrons fit in the first shell
2
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How many electrons fit in the second shell
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How to find neutrons
Mass number minus atomic number
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Lewis dot diagram
A diagram showing valence electrons as dots around an element symbol
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Purpose of Lewis dot diagrams
To show valence electrons
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How to find valence electrons
Use the group number
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Period on the periodic table
Horizontal row
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Group on the periodic table
Vertical column
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Alkali metals group
Group 1
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Alkali metals properties
Soft, shiny, very reactive, 1 valence electron, low melting point
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Alkaline earth metals group
Group 2
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Alkaline earth metals properties
Reactive, shiny, conductors, 2 valence electrons
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Transition metals group
Groups 3–12
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Transition metals properties
Hard, shiny, good conductors
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Metalloids properties
Solids, brittle, conduct electricity somewhat, properties of metals and nonmetals
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Halogens group
Group 17
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Halogens properties
Highly reactive, toxic, 7 valence electrons
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Noble gases group
Group 18
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Noble gases properties
Unreactive, full valence shell, very stable, colorless
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What does unreactive mean
Does not easily form chemical reactions
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Density
How much mass is in a given volume
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Density graph slope
Represents density
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Conductive meaning
Allows electricity to flow
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Bioaccumulation
The buildup of pollutants in an organism’s tissues
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Why bioaccumulation is harmful
It can cause disease and affect reproduction
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Sustainable ecosystem
An ecosystem that regulates itself and maintains balance
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Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth
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Genetic biodiversity
Variation of genes within a species
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Species biodiversity
Variety of species in an area
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Ecosystem biodiversity
Variety of habitats in an area
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Producer
An organism that makes its own food
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Producers in food chains
Lowest trophic level
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Invasive species
A non-native species that harms an ecosystem
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Native species
A species naturally found in an area
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Food chain
A linear path of energy transfer
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Food web
A network of connected food chains
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Primary consumer
Eats producers
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Secondary consumer
Eats primary consumers
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Tertiary consumer
Eats secondary consumers
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What happens if predators decrease
Prey population increases
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Carbon cycle
Movement of carbon through air, plants, animals, and Earth
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How animals get carbon
By eating other organisms
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Carbon released into the air
Burning fossil fuels and respiration
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How plants get carbon
Photosynthesis
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Why carbon is important
All organisms need it to live
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Water cycle
Movement of water through the atmosphere
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Evaporation
Liquid water turning into vapor
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Condensation
Water vapor cooling into clouds
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Precipitation
Water falling as rain, snow, sleet, or hail
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Transpiration
Water released into the air from plants
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Cellular respiration
Process where cells break down glucose using oxygen
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Where cellular respiration occurs
Plant and animal cells
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Products of cellular respiration
Carbon dioxide and water
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Photosynthesis
Process plants use sunlight and CO₂ to make food
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How photosynthesis and respiration are connected
They work together to form the carbon cycle
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Voltage
Push that moves electricity through a circuit
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Voltage unit
Volts (V)
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Current
Flow of electricity
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Current unit
Amps (A)
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Resistance
Opposition to electrical flow
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Resistance unit
Ohms (Ω)
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Ohm’s Law
V = I × R
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Series circuit current rule
Current stays the same everywhere
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Series circuit voltage rule
Total voltage equals sum of voltages
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Series circuit resistance rule
Total resistance equals sum of resistances
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Parallel circuit current rule
Total current equals sum of branch currents
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Parallel circuit voltage rule
Voltage stays the same in all branches
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Series circuit structure
One continuous loop
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Parallel circuit structure
Multiple branches
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What happens if a bulb breaks in series
Entire circuit stops
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What happens if a bulb breaks in parallel
Other bulbs still work
Note 
Flashcards (30)