The Mexican Revolution (9): The Storm that Swept Mexico

How does the Porfiriato plan to move Mexico ahead economically?

to open the gates to foreign investment

Two terms used to describe the cientificos?

racist and elitist

The primary influence on artistic expression in Mexico before the revolution?

Europe

How did Diaz hold Mexico together?

with the help of military and american backing and the hacienda system

Hacienda system is described as being...

semi-feudal system

The Southern state of Mexico is economically based on

sugar

in the north, progress is equated with the building of...

the railroad: US companies and investors

What were some of the primary investments of the US in NOrthern Mexico?

mining, railroads, land, petroleum

Why did the Porfiriato favor European investment?

They were afraid of American influence

What triggers the first mining strike?

the abuse in the mines (worldwide financial crisis)

What social class was Madero from?

the Wealthy class

What did Madero hope to accomplish?

Removal of Diaz and become pres, free elections

Who put together an army in the north to support Madero?

Villa

To whom does Pres Taft give authority to represent US policy with Mexico

Henry Wilson

Why is Zapata considered so dangerous?

Demand for land reform

How are Villa and Zapata similar and how are they different?

Diff: different regions (Z south and V north)

Sim values: wanted a weak central govt (regionalism) and land reform

What was Diaz' motto?

"order peace and progress"

For what reason was Madero advised not to attack diaz forces in Juarez?

- if you attack, bullets might fly into US, who would intervene

With what condition is Diaz life spared by Madero?

He will go into exile

Who says that Madero has unleashed a tiger?

Diaz: basically says you started the rebellion, can you control it?

What is considered to be Madero's fatal flaw?

His trusting the wrong people at the wrong time (Huerta)

What reason did HL Wilson give for not supporting Madero?

- believes Madero is the wrong man - that himself is

Why did Zapata stop supporting Madero?

Wanted land reform, Madero didn't

Madero ordered the disarmament of the Zapatistas

Why did Villa stop supporting Madero?

He didn't supported both sides

What did General Orozco do to anger madero?

he had defied the pres at Juarez

Why does the US support Villa?

he shows sympathy for the Americans/praise, he had influence over the people

General Huerta was a typical...

caudillo

What is the purpose of the Ten Tragic Days?

begun as a mutiny to destabilize the Madero govt

HL wilson explains that Madero's downfall is the result of what?

he never wanted to consult with him

Who does Pres Wilson shift support to?

the new alliance of revolutionary generals (Villa, Obregon, and Carranza)

What are some tactics used by Villa?

- gambler/risk taker

- extensive use of railroad, luck, instinct

- airplanes

- hospital trains

What roles to the women soldiers (soldaras) play in Villa's army?

- foraged for food

- cooked

- medical aid

- even soldiers

- stopped desertion

What was Pres Wilson trying to prevent with the US invasion of Vera Cruz?

To prevent a shipment of German arms

Where does Huerta flee in 1914?

a German ship, bound to spain

Purpose of the meeting at Aguascalientes?

determine the future/new leader of Mexico

Why doesn't Zapata go to Aguascalientes?

He distrusts Carranza and the Constitutionalists

The combined armies of Villa and Zapata occupy what city?

Mexico City

How did the two armies differ?

- Villa: same uniforms, same weapons, less respectful

- Zapata: different clothes and weapons, more respectful of private property

Where does Carranza establish his headquarters?

Veracruz

Why did both Villa and Zapata decide to return to their regions?

Despised Mexico City, didn't want to be president

What did Carranza want?

Only wanted political change at best, advancing own careers, didn't care about landless peasants

Why does Villa attack Columbus, New Mexico

The US supported Carranza bc he won

What do both Germany and the US want from Mexico?

Mexican oil - necessity for war

what does German Foreign Secretary Zimmerman offer Carranza?

in case war broke out and Mexico attacked the US, then they would supply arms and help them retake Arizona and other states

Why is Carranza unhappy with the new Constitution?

it provides unprecedented rights to the working class, he only wanted moderate reforms

Article 27 guarantees what?

Only Mexico and its citizens own the resources of the land

What is Carranza doing when he is assassinated?

fleeing to Veracruz with all of the assets/money in the govt

The main aim of Obregon was to...

re-establish a Mexican state