uncur 2Q

State Institutions

includes Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), the Local Government Unit (LGU), and Executive Departments.

Non-state Institutions

includes banks and corporations, cooperatives and trade unions, transnational advocacy groups, development agencies, international organizations, and non-government organizations.

State Institutions

are political institutions that have state functions and are established to govern the state.

Executive Branch

Charged with the execution and administration of a country’s laws.

Armed Forces of the Philippines

to maintain peace and security.

Executive Branch

Executive Power in the Philippine Government vested in the office of the President of the Republic.

Local Government Unit

to cater the needs of the barangay and communities.

Executive Branch

Sets the direction of national policy.

Non-state Institutions

participate in international affairs and are not directly affiliated with any state.

bank

is an institution which accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.

commercial bank

is an institution which accepts deposits, makes loans, and safeguard assets of the general public and businesses.

Investment banks

provide services to large corporations and institutional investors.

corporation

is an entity owned by shareholders who contribute capital with the aim to gain profit.

cooperative

is an organization or group of people run by its members who aim to meet their common needs.

Trade union

is an organization which is composed of workers and laborers which aims to protect and advance the interests of its members particularly when it comes to their rights and interests.

Transnational Advocacy Groups

are groups that help address societal issues and problems. Their scope even reaches outside of the borders of the state.

Development Agencies

are institutions which focus on making developments. These agencies focus on how to develop the country in terms of either economic or social

International Organizations

are organizations that work internationally and at the same time, they also provide support across different countries.

Non-Government Organizations

are organizations act voluntarily. These organizations are not affiliated with the government and do voluntary missions depending on the needs of the people.

Article XIV of the 1987 Constitution

The right to quality education is a basic human right that every Filipino citizen must enjoy.

Education

refers to the wealth of knowledge, skills, and attitude acquired by an individual after studying particular subject matters or experiencing life lessons that provide an understanding of something.

Deped, Ched, and Tesda

There are 3 government agencies that handle education in the Philippines;

Education

leads to a change in behavior

Formal education, NonFormal education

Types of Education

Formal education

Usually takes place in a classroom setting and is provided by trained teaching and non-teaching staff.

NonFormal education

This is an organized educational activity that takes place outside a formal setup. No age-limit. Adults can take part.

Formal education

Under ___ education are: elementary, secondary, tertiary, vocational, and special education.

NonFormal education

Examples: Certificate courses, ALS of Deped (this serves as an avenue for those who were not able to attend school before).

Produce productive citizens, To achieve self-actualization

Functions of Education

Produce productive citizens

contribute to the community’s growth and development which also would affect the people’s lifestyle and living.

achieve self-actualization

Education aids individuals to achieve and realize their full potential.

Produce productive citizens

It elevates people’s standard of living and empowers them to live a secure life.

achieve self-actualization

It trains young people to unravel their talents, interests, and skills.

achieve self-actualization

empowers students to make decisions and weigh in situations, immersing themselves in real-life scenarios which eventually develops their thinking capacity, skills acquired, and a change in behavior or perspective as well.

Abraham Maslow

According to ___, self-actualization is the complete realization of one’s potential and the full development of abilities.

Social Stratification

categorization of income, wealth, social status and derived power give rise to inequality and discrimination.

Wealth

The net value of money and assets a person has, and income, a person’s wages or investment dividends.

Social Stratification

kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power.

Wealth

This is divided into lower class, middle class, and upper class.

Race and religion

This situates inequality in which some fixed group membership, such as race, religion, or national origin is a major criterion for ranking social positions and their differential rewards.

Gender

Members of LGBTQIA+ also experienced this type of stratification.

Race and religion

E.g. Slavery of black people, Muslims who are banned from entering some countries, Discrimination of people through skin color

Gender

refers to the social ranking, where men typically inhabit higher statuses than women.

Yes, Social Mobility System

Is there any way to uplift one’s social condition and change one’s stratum?

Social Mobility

-refers to the ability of individuals or groups to change their positions and statuses within a social stratification.

Open Class System, Closed Class System

Types of Social Mobility

Open Class System

- it is a type of social mobility wherein people can freely transfer from one social class to the other.

Closed Class System

a person cannot freely change his/her status as it is already determined by birth.

Open Class System

This can be done through hard work and effort.

Closed Class System

E.g. Caste system of India

Vertical Mobility, Horizontal Mobility

Forms of Social Mobility

Vertical Mobility

refers to a social mobility wherein a person moves from a social class to another social class.

Horizontal Mobility

is a form of social mobility wherein a person moves within the same social category.

Vertical Mobility

An industrial worker who becomes a wealthy businessman moves upward in the class system.

Vertical Mobility

A landed aristocrat who loses everything in a revolution moves downward in the system.

Horizontal Mobility

An individual who works at a fast food restaurant leaves that job and gets a similar job at another fast food restaurant.

Republic Act 9729/ Climate Change Act of 2009

anchored on the constitutional provision that states that “it is the policy of the State to afford full protection and the advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology… to fulfill human needs while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations.”

Republic Act 9729/ Climate Change Act of 2009

Establishment of a Climate Change Commission, an independent and autonomous body that has the same status as that of a national government agency. The CCC is under the Office of the President and is the “sole policy-making body of the government which shall be tasked to coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to climate change pursuant to the provisions of this Act.” (Section 4).

Climate Change

refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns.

Climate Change

These shifts may be natural, such as through variations in the solar cycle. (United Nations)

Rapid Industrialization, Deforestation, Pollution

Causes of Climate Change

Industrialization

-refers to the transformation from an agricultural economy, toward an economy based on mechanized manufacturing.

Deforestation

-also known as forest clearance, refers to the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use.

Pollution

-is the introduction of harmful materials into the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants.

Pollution

mainly contributes greenhouse gasses and these greenhouse gasses trap excess heat causing the climate to warm.

Rising temperature, Rising sea levels, Loss of wildlife and biodiversity

Effects of Climate Change

Rising Temperature

-is caused by the emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that traps the heat of the sun.

Rising Sea Levels

The rise in sea level is caused by the melting of ice and glaciers.

Loss of Biodiversity and Wildlife

There is a loss in biodiversity in a way that the species will die due to the intense heat and loss of wildlife habitat.

Loss of Biodiversity and Wildlife

Example: The decrease of polar bears

Poverty, Loss of livelihood, Hunger, Malnutrition

Social Impacts of Climate Change

Republic Act 9729/ Climate Change Act of 2009

This law aims to integrate disaster risk reduction measures into climate change adaptation plans, development and poverty reduction programs.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

-United Nations' (UN) SDGs refer to a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people enjoy peace and prosperity.