unit 2 - biodiversity

intrinsic value

value an ecosystem has away from benefits to humans

supporting

ecosystems provide support that would be costly to humans

HIPPCO

Habitat fragmentation/destruction

Invasive species

Pollution

Population

Climate change

Overexploitation

biosphere

all the area on earth with life

anaerobic respiration

turning glucose into energy w/o O2

detritivore

species that specialize inbreaking down dea tissue + waste into smaller particles

decomposer

greaking down organic matter into smaller elements that go back into the ecosystem

biomass

total mass of all lving matter in a specific area

standing crop

amt of biomass in a specific area at a specific time

ecological efficiency

proportion of enery that can be passed from trophic level to trophic level

biogeochemical cycle

movement of matter withing and between ecoystems

carbon, nitrogen, water, phosphorus between biotic and abiotic facots

species-area curve

how number of species increases with the area of an island

bottleneck event

sharp decrease in species poopulations because something went wrong in their environment

fundamental niche

(ecological range of tolerance)

the range of conditions an organism can withstand before death or injury occurs

natual disruptions can be…

perioditc - frequent+ predictable

episodic - somehwat predictable

random - spaced out + unpredictable

stages of succession

1- pioneer species like lichen and moss

2- intermediate species like small bushes; heat resistant

3 - large trees = climax community

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

ecosystem w intermediate damage done w a disturbance are more diverse that those w high or low levels

species richness

the amt of different species an enviornment has

species eveness

relative proportions of all the species in an area

evolution

change in genetic composition of a population over a long or shorter time

geno/phenotype

geno - genetic makeup

pheno - outward expression of genes

mutation

random error in gene replication leading to a change (or even evolution)

realized niche

range of abiotic and biotic conditions a species actually lives under

recombination

genetic process where one chromosome breaks off and joins to a diff chromosome during reproductive cell division

fitness

species ability to survive and reproduce

gene flow

movement of alleles from one population to another

genetic drift

change of genetic composition in a population over time bc of random mating

founder effect

a small group isolated from the larger population has a smaller genetic diversity

like founders of a new island

reproductive isolation

result of 2 populations within a species bc they evolve seperately and can no longer breed and make viable babies

migrations

usually happen because of seasonal changes/disruptions to an enviornment