1 - Joints of the Axial Body

suture joints of the skull

• squamous

• sagittal

• coronal

• lambdoid

separates the parietal bones

sagittal suture

separates the occipital and parietal bones

lambdoid suture

separates the temporal and parietal bones

squamous suture

separates the frontal and parietal bones

coronal suture

structure classification of suture joints

fibrous suture joint

functional classification of suture joints

synarthrotic

structural classification of the TMJ

synovial hinge, synovial gliding

functional classification of the TMJ

diarthrotic - nonaxial and axial

TMJ movements

• elevation/depression : axial, sagittal plane

• protraction/retraction : nonaxial, sagittal

• medial/lateral glides : nonaxial, frontal

how many bones are in an adult and child spine

adult - 26

child - 33-34

curvature of the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

) concave

( convex

) concave

( convex

number of bones per area of spine

cervical - 7

thoracic - 12

lumbar - 5

sacrum - 1

• 4-5

• 3-5

pelvic neutral

30 degrees sacral base angle

increased spinal curvature

base angle greater than 30 degrees

• increased lumbar lordosis

• increase concave curvature as sacrum tilts forward

decreased spinal curvature

base angle less than 30 degrees

• decreased lumbar lordosis

• flattened sacral spine

• posterior pelvic tilt

intervertebral disc joint

between 2 adjacent vertebae.. not sacral

structural classification of intervertebral disc

cartilaginous symphysis joint

functional classification of intervertebral disc

ampiarthrotic

parts of the intervertebral disc

• nucleus pulposus, vertebral endplate, annulus fibrosus

vertebral facet joint

smooth flat surfaces of articular surfaces

structural classification of vertebral facet joint

synovial gliding

functional classification of intervertebral facet joint

diarthrotic - nonaxial

cervical facets

• rotation - transverse

• lateral flexion - frontal

thoracic facets

• lateral flexion - frontal

thoracic facets

• flexion/extension - sagittal

their is some flexion/extension in all vertebrae but they mainly assist with their primary movements

TRUE

cervical vertebrae C1-C7

smallest, large vertebral foramen, bifib spinosus process, transverse foramen

thoracic vertebrae T1 - T12

heart shaped, long and pointed down spinosus process,

• superior and inferior costal facets

• transverse costal facet (ribs)

lumbar vertebrae L1 - L5

THICK vertebral body, small foramen, thick and short spinous process, pedicle

costospinal joints (Thoracic)

1. costovertebral joint : rib meets the body/disc of spine

2. costotransverse joint : ribs meet transverse process of spine

structural classification of costospinal joints

synovial gliding joint

functional classification of costospinal joints

diarthrotic - nonaxial

sternocostal joints

attach ribs to the sternum anteriorly

structural classification of sternocostal joints

cartilaginous synchondroses joint

functional classification of sternocostal joints

ampiarthrotic