AP World Unit 5 Review

What did Enlightenment thinkers promote over tradition and religious authority?

Secularism, logic, and reason.

What are the natural rights that Enlightenment philosophers believed people are born with?

Life, liberty, and property.

What is the social contract according to Enlightenment thought?

The belief that governments derive authority from the consent of the governed.

How did the Enlightenment influence the American Revolution?

It inspired ideas of liberty, natural rights, and representative government.

What was a major reform movement influenced by Enlightenment ideals?

The abolitionist movement.

What is a nation-state?

A country defined by a shared culture and history.

What was one major example of national unification in the 19th century?

Unification of Germany under Otto von Bismarck.

What document includes the excerpt 'The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen'?

It is from the French Revolution.

What are three factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution?

Access to coal and iron, population growth, and capital investment.

What was the impact of access to coal on the Industrial Revolution?

It provided energy to power steam engines, increasing industrial productivity.

What advancement concentrated production in a single location during the Industrial Revolution?

The factory system.

What fossil fuels increased energy availability during the Industrial Age?

Coal and oil.

What were the two engines that utilized fossil fuels during the Industrial Age?

Steam engine and internal combustion engine.

What led to technological innovations increased migration, trade, and economic integration in the industrial age?

Railroads, steamships, and telegraphs.

What did the Second Industrial Revolution lead to?

Mass production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery.

Which country was more active in promoting industrialization, Great Britain or Japan?

Japan.

What reform did the Meiji government undertake to promote industrialization?

Abolished feudalism and built railroads, factories, and a modern banking system.

How did industrial capitalism affect consumer goods?

It made them cheaper and more widely available due to mass production.

What revolutionary change did Marx advocate?

Abolition of private property, groundwork for communism to establish a classless society based on collective ownership of the means of production.

What is socialism?

An economic system where production is owned and regulated by the community or state.

What new classes developed as a result of the Industrial Age?

Working class (proletariat) and middle class (bourgeoisie).

What economic challenge surged due to rapid urbanization during the Industrial Age?

Overcrowding, poverty, economic inequality

What was a cause of the American Revolution?

British taxation without representation.

What was a significant effect of the American Revolution?

Independence from Britain and the creation of a republic.

What led to the French Revolution?

Was driven by social inequality, where the Third Estate—comprised of the common people—faced significant burdens compared to the privileged First and Second Estates (nobility and clergy). This disparity, accompanied by a severe financial crisis due to government debt, widespread famine, and the cost of wars, fueled anger and calls for change. The Estates-General convened in 1789, sparking discussions that ultimately led to revolutionary ideas about democracy and rights

What was the cause and effects of the Haitian Revolution?

Causes: Brutal slavery, French colonial control, and influence of French Revolution

Effects: First successful slave revolt, independence in 1804, inspired global abolitionist movements

What was a cause of the Latin American Revolutions?

Social hierarchy and the influence of Enlightenment ideas.

What effect did German unification have on European power dynamics?

Shift in balance of power.

What were the shared causes of the revolutions discussed?

Enlightenment, oppression, inequality, colonialism.

What key idea did the revolutions challenge?

Absolutism and colonial rule, aiming for governments based on popular sovereignty.