BIOL 331 / ESRM 331 Landscape Plant Recognition - Week 6: Wetlands

Flashcards for wetland plant vocabulary.

What three attributes are required to determine the existence of a regulated wetland?

Land supports predominantly hydrophytic (water-loving) vegetation, Substrate is undrained hydric (damp) soil, Under normal circumstances there is no inundation or saturation for two weeks or more during the growing season

OBL (Obligate Wetland)

Species that almost always occurs under natural conditions in wetlands (>99%)

FACW (Facultative Wetland)

Species that usually occurs in wetlands (67% - 99%), but sometimes found in non-wetlands

FAC (Facultative)

Equally likely to occur in wetlands and non-wetlands (34% - 66%)

FACU (Facultative Upland)

Species usually occur in non-wetlands, but occasionally occurs in non-wetlands (1% - 33%)

UPL (Obligate Upland)

Species that occur in wetlands in another region (>99%) but almost always occurs in non-wetlands in the region specified

Duck Potato (Sagittaria latifolia)

Aquatic, scapose, tuber-bearing perennials from strong rhizomes

Water Parsley (Oenanthe sarmentosa)

Glabrous, weak, freely-branched perennial from fibrous roots, generally reclining and rooting at the nodes

Cow Parsnip (Heracleum maximum)

Robust, single-stemmed perennial from a taproot or a cluster of fibrous roots, 1-3 m. tall.

Western Water Hemlock (Cicuta douglasii)

Stout perennials, often glaucous, 5-20 dm. tall, the stems solitary or few from a tuberous-thickened and chambered base

Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus)

Glaucous, fleshy, acaulescent perennials from a short, upright stem, with a skunky odor

Small Forget-me-not (Myosotis laxa)

Slender, weak annual or short-lived perennial from fibrous roots, the stems 1-4 dm. tall, often curved at the base.

Watercress (Nasturtium officinale)

Aquatic, glabrous perennial, the stems often floating and rooting at the nodes, fleshy, limp, 1-5 dm. long, only the tip erect.

Common Horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

Rhizomatous perennial, the stems dimorphic; sterile stems 1.5-6 dm. tall and 1.5-5 mm. thick, prominently 10- to 12-ridged

Hedge Nettle (Stachys cooleyae)

Perennial herbs from rhizomes, the square, simple stems 7-15 dm. tall, with retrorse bristles on the angles.

California False Hellebore (Veratrum californicum)

Tall perennial herbs from thick rhizomes, the simple stem glabrous below, 1.5-2 m. tall.

Dense-spike Primrose (Epilobium densiflorum)

Annual, the stem simple or branched, 1.5-10 dm. tall, with gray, appressed hairs or soft, spreading hairs.

Northwest Cinquefoil (Potentilla gracilis)

Highly variable perennial from a branched crown, the several ascending or erect stems 4-8 dm. tall.

Black Hawthorn (Crataegus douglasii)

Broadleaf, deciduous tree, but may be shrubby and spread into wide thickets, to 30-40 ft (9-12 m) tall, usually with a long trunk

Cattail (Typha latifolia)

Monoecious, perennial herbs of wet places from extensive rhizomes, the stems 1-3 m. tall, erect, cylindrical and pithy.

Meadow Foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis)

Stout, herbaceous perennial 30-90 cm. tall; often grows in clumps due to stolons that develop when the lower nodes of the culms (aerial stems) take root in the soil.

Meadow Barely (Phalaris arundinacea)

Tufted perennial, the culms 4-8 dm. tall.

Common Duckweed (Lemna minor)

Floating aquatic perennials forming colonies, ovate body 1-8 mm long, flat and barely gibbous, margins entire, rarely slightly reddish beneath, sometimes diffusely red above

Yellow Pond Lily (Nuphar polysepala)

Aquatic, perennial herbs with thick rhizomes bearing directly the flowers and leaves.

Water Purslane (Ludwigia hexapetala)

Glabrous, succulent perennial, the stems prostrate, rooting at the nodes.

Pond Water-starwort (Callitriche stagnalis)

Small aquatic herbs, the stems 3-15 cm. long, aquatic to terrestrial; leaf bases joined by small, winged ridges.

Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea)

Strongly rhizomatous perennial, the culms hollow, 7-14 dm. tall.

Nuttall's quillwort (Isoetes nuttallii)

Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; southwestern British Columbia to California.

Scouler’s Willow (Salix scouleriana)

Widely distributed on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.

Hooker’s Willow (Salix hookeriana)

Occurring chiefly west of the Cascades crest in Washington; British Columbia to California.

Sitka Willow (Salix sitchensis)

Occurring in forested areas on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to western Montana.

Pacific Willow (Salix lasiandra)

Occurring on both sides of the Cascades crest in Washington; Alaska to California, east to the Rocky Mountains and northern Great Plains.