Vet 245 Exam 2

Flashcards covering key concepts from veterinary lecture notes on ophthalmology, cardiology, and internal medicine cases, including diagnostics, treatments, and definitions.

What is the medical term to describe squinting or blinking/winking of the eye?

Blepharospasm

Which of these eye diagnostic tests should be performed first from SST, FDT, and Tonometry?

SST (Schirmer Tear Test)

What is the name of the test that can be performed at the same time as FDT and what does it test for?

Jones test - testing for patency of the nasolacrimal duct

What does a positive FDT (Fluorescein Dye Test) uptake in the left eye indicate?

An ulceration that is either superficial or deep but does not extend past the stroma

What is an appropriate medication and recheck plan for a canine with an eye ulceration?

Tobramycin drops OS every 4 hours, carprofen, e collar

Why is advising an owner to use Dexamethasone drops on an eye with a suspected ulceration an issue?

The medication contains dexamethasone (a corticosteroid, which inhibits healing and can worsen ulcers)

What is the next appropriate step for a non-improving eye ulceration after initial treatment?

Sterile swab debridement

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of non-healing or Indolent Ulcers: Distichia, Ectopic cilia, Follicles on the inside of the nictitans, Uveitis?

Uveitis

What disease process is indicated by Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic infiltrates found on an eye scraping?

Pannus (Chronic Superficial Keratitis)

What is 'Cherry Eye'?

Hypertrophy of the gland of the third eyelid

How much Clavamox liquid (62.5mg/mL) will a 2kg puppy receive per dose if prescribed at 15mg/kg PO BID?

0.48cc

What is the medical term for fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity?

Ascites

Heart failure of what side causes fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity?

Right sided heart failure

What congenital abnormality can cause signs of congestive heart failure before 8 weeks of age?

Atrial and Ventral septal defects

What advice should be given to an owner about remaining puppies if a congenital heart condition is diagnosed?

The condition is heritable, and they should take the puppies to a cardiologist ASAP for further diagnostics.

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Tetralogy of Fallot: Overriding Aorta, Right ventricular hypertrophy, Subventricular septal defect, Pulmonic stenosis?

Subventricular septal defect

What is the most common cardiovascular disorder in dogs?

MVD (Mitral Valve Disease)

Which of the following is a normal arrhythmia found in dogs?

Sinus arrhythmia

What abnormality might a puppy have if it is regurgitating undigested food every time it eats, losing weight, and coughing?

Persistent right aortic arch

Which of the following is NOT a clinical sign associated with heartworm disease in cats: Cough, Vomiting, Left sided heart failure, Death?

Left sided heart failure

What is the word used to describe a heart rate of 170 BPM?

Tachycardia

What disease is indicated by a CRT <1 second and injected mucous membranes?

Shock

What is the word to describe a respiratory rate of 50 RPM?

Tachypnea

What is the word for increased BUN and Creatinine?

Azotemia

You go to free catch a urine sample to check the USG to confirm renal disease, and while attempting collection you notice that there is a large amount of mucopurulent discharge extending from the vulva. This prompts an abdominal ultrasound which is shown below: Whta is the diagnosis

Open pyometra

What is the treatment of choice for pyometra?

Surgical intervention (Ovariohysterectomy)

Would you expect a female patient's prostate to be enlarged because they are intact and older?

False (females do not have prostates)

What is the term used when an animal exhibits signs of a terminal pregnancy without being pregnant?

Pseudopregnancy

What is the normal gestation period of dogs and cats?

Between 62-65 days

What medication can be used to aid in increasing uterine contractions, often tried prior to Cesarean section?

Oxytocin

How fast can acute glaucoma with a pressure >60mmHg result in blindness?

Within several hours

What is the most common GI disease in German Shepherds which often causes weight loss, grey foul-smelling diarrhea, and a poor coat?

Where are epinephrine and norepinephrine produced in the body?

Adrenal Medulla

What hormone controls serum calcium concentrations?

Parathyroid Hormone

Name the types of oral neoplasia found in canines. Which two are also seen in felines?

Squamous cell carcinoma, Melanoma, Osteosarcoma (*also seen in felines)

What is the most common type of gastric neoplasia?

Adenocarcinoma

What disease is defined as telescoping of bowel that produces a partial or complete obstruction?

Intussusception

Name two liver toxins in felines.

Acetaminophen, Lilies, Permethrin, Sago Palm, Xylitol (any two of these or similar)

What is Cholangiohepatitis?

Inflammation of the bile ducts and liver

What is the name of the nerve that innervates the diaphragm?

Describe the flow of blood through the right side of the heart starting from the right atrium to the lungs.

Right Atrium → Tricuspid valve → Right ventricle → Pulmonary valve → Pulmonary artery → Lungs→ Pulmonary vein→Left Atrium→Mitral value→Left ventricle→aortic value→Aorta

What is Hyperplasia?

Enlargement or excessive tissue accumulation

What is Tenesmus?

Straining to defecate

What does Pruritic mean?

Itchy

What is Syncope?

What is Photophobia?

Aversion to light

What is Chemosis?

Swelling of the conjunctiva

What is Stranguria?

Straining to urinate

What is Alopecia?

Hair loss or thinning fur

What is Melena?

Digested blood in feces

What is Hypotension?

Decreased blood pressure