Unit 1 – Introduction to Fluency Disorders; criteria to diagnose fluency disorder, culture, causes, name dysfluencies

Stuttering is diagnosed on the basis of

(1) the frequency of all forms of dysfluencies combined, (2) frequency of part-word repetitions, sound prolongations, and broken words, and (3) duration of dysfluencies

Criterion 1 to diagnose a fluency disorder is

Frequency of Dysfluencies combined

Frequency of Dysfluencies Combined

must count all types of dysfluencies and must be 5% or more

Criterion 2 to diagnose a fluency disorder is

Frequency of Certain Types of Dysfluencies

Frequency of Certain Types of Dysfluencies

Count only part-word repetitions, sound prolongations, and broken words and must be 3% or more

Criterion 3 to diagnose a fluency disorder is

Duration of Dysfluencies

Duration of Dysfluencies

Count duration of prolongations and must be 1 second or more

To be diagnosed a stutterer a person has to meet how many of the criteria

only one

Cultures and Stuttering

Found in all cultures and races; Indiscriminate of occupation, intelligence, and income; Affects both sexes and people of all ages

Causes of Stuttering

May have a genetic basis; Typically begins between the ages of 2 and 5; Life changes

Name and describe the core stuttering behaviors

Repetititons, Prolongations, Blocks/Broken Words

Repetitions

(trying to say time; "what t-t-t-time is it"), syllable/sound repetition, single-syllable words repetition so the whole word is repeated. This is typically the onset

Prolongations

Airflow/sound continues but movement of articulators have stopped (appear later developed than repetitions OR both present at the same time)

Blocks/Broken Words

Inappropriate steps of flow of air or voice in the movement of the articulators. (usually last core behavior to occur), tend to increase in duration as the stuttering persists

Dysfluency types

Sound/syllable repetitions, Whole word repetitions, Audible sound prolongations, Inaudible sound prolongations

Dysfluency prevalence

, 5.3% of patients s/p CVA or about 1 in 20, Often present with other co-existing disorders: 65% with aphasia, 53% with dysarthria, 12% with apraxia of speech

Sound/syllable repetitions

"M-m-m-my dog ran a-a-away."

Whole word repetitions

"My-my-my dog ran-ran away."

Audible sound prolongations

"Mmmmmmmy dog ran aaaaaaway."

Inaudible sound prolongations (or blocks)

"My d[]og ran a[]way."