A&P2 LAB EXAM 1 PHYSIOEX AND PROCEDURE

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64 Terms

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Hematocrit

Refers to the percentage of red blood cells in a sample of whole blood

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Buffy coat

A layer of white blood cells appears as a thin, white layer between heavier RBC layer and yellow plasma

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Measuring the height of the RBC layer and dividing that by the height of the total blood sample.

How is hematocrit determined

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42-52%

The avg hematocrit for males is:

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37%-47%

The avgt hematocrit for females is:

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Anemia

A lower than normal hematocrit indicates:

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Polycythemia

A higher-than0normal hematocrit indicates:

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Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in the RBC

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1) inadequate numbers of RBC
2) decreased amount of hemoglobin
3) abnormally shaped hemoglobin

3 possible causes for anemia

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Iron-deficiency anemia

When there is inadequate amounts of iron in hemoglobin

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Aplastic anemia

The failure of the bone marrow to produce adequate RBC numbers

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Sickle cell anemia

_ ____ ______ is an inherited condition in which the protein portion of hemoglobin molecules folds incorrectly when oxygen levels are low.

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1) living at high altitudes
2) strenuous athletic training
3) tumors in the bone marrow

3 causes of polycythemia

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Antigens

All of the cells in the human body are surrounded by a plasma membrane that contains genetically determined glycoproteins called __

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Agglutinogens

Antigens on red blood cell membranes are called

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Agglutinins

Antibodies in red blood cells are called _

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Type O

Blood type with no antigens

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Type B

Blood type with both a and b antigens

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Type a

Blood type with a antigens

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Type b

Blood type with b antigens

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type ab

Blood type with no antibodies

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Type o

Blood type with both antibodies

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Hemothermic

When the human body maintains an internal body temperature within the 35.8-38.2 C range even though the external temperature is changing.

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Hyperthermia

Elevated body temperature

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Hypothermia

Low body temperature

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Poikilothermic

of animals except birds and mammals; having body temperature that varies with the environment

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Ringers solution

Consists of essential electrolytes in a physiological solution and is required to keep the isolated, intact heart viable.

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Sympathetic nervous system

The _ is activated in times of fight or flight

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Norepinephrine and epinephrine

These two hormones increase the frequency of action potentials by binding to B1 adrenergic receptors embedded in the plasma membrane of sinoatrial node cells

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Parasympathetic nervous system

The _ ___ , our resting and digesting branch.

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Acetylcholine

Parasympathetic nerve fibers release this neurotransmitter that decreases teh frequency of action potentials by binding to their muscarinic cholinergic receptors embedded in the plasma memrbane of the SA node

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Cholinergic

releasing or activated by acetylcholine or a related compound

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Adrenergic

Chemical modifiers that inhibit, mimic, or enhance the action of epinephrine in the body are _

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Agonist

If the modifier works in the same fashion as the neurotransmitter, it is an _

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Antagonist

If the modifier works in opposition to the neurotransmitter, it is an __

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Pilocarpine

cholinergic agonist used in eyedrops to treat glaucoma

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Atropine

A competitive antagonist against parasympathetic nervous system (adrenergic)

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Digitalis

Cholinergic agonist

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Neutrophil

What is thsi

<p>What is thsi</p>
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Lymphocyte

What is this

<p>What is this</p>
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Erythrocyte

What it’s hsi

<p>What it’s hsi</p>
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Platelets

What is this

<p>What is this</p>
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Umbilical vein

The _ ____ transports blood rich in oxygen from the mother to the fetus

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Umbilical arteries

The _ returns deoxygenated fetal blood to the placenta

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Placenta

The _ is the site of oxygen, nutrient, and waste exchange between fetal and maternal blood

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Ductus arteriosus

The __ is the vessel which connects the pulmonary artery with the aorta, bypassing the fetal lungs; it also atrophies after birth

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Ductus venosus

The _ is the vessel which permits most blood to bypass the liver, and atrophies after birth

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Foramen ovale

The allows blood flow to bypass the lungs

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Pulse

The alternating surges of pressure in an artery that occur with each contraction and relaxation of the left ventricle

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Dorsalis pedis

What pulse is on the dorsal of the foot

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Superficial temporal

Which pulse is on the temple region

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Facial artery

Which pulse is on the jaw

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Radial artery

Which pulse is on the wrist

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Ventricular depolarization

QRS represents

<p>QRS represents</p>
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Ventricular repolarization

T wave represents

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Atrial repolarization

P wave represents

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atrial fibrillation

fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart

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Sinus bradycardia

Slower than normal heartbeat

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Sinus tachycardia

Faster than normal heartbeat

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Ventricular fibrillation

fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest

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Closure of the atrioventricular valves

What does the first heart sound associated with

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Closure of the semilunar valves

What is associated with the second heart sound

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Hypertension

What can a widened pulse pressure indicate?

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BPM

How is pulse rate expressed