IB DP Biology Command Terms (First Assessment 2025)

Define

Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.

Draw

Represent by means of a labelled, accurate diagram or graph, using a pencil. A ruler (straight edge) should be used for straight lines. Diagrams should be drawn to scale. Graphs should have points correctly plotted (if appropriate) and joined in a straight line or smooth curve.

Label

Add labels to a diagram.

List

Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.

Measure

Obtain a value for a quantity.

State

Give a specific name, value or other brief answer without explanation or calculation.

Annotate

Add brief notes to a diagram or graph.

Calculate

Obtain a numerical answer showing the relevant stages in the working.

Describe

Give a detailed account.

Distinguish

Make clear the differences between two or more concepts or items.

Estimate

Obtain an approximate value.

Identify

Provide an answer from a number of possibilities.

Outline

Give a brief account or summary.

Analyse

Break down in order to bring out the essential elements or structure.

Comment

Give a judgment based on a given statement or result of a calculation.

Compare

Give an account of the similarities between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.

Compare and Contrast

Give an account of similarities and differences between two (or more) items or situations, referring to both (all) of them throughout.

Construct

Display information in a diagrammatic or logical form.

Deduce

Reach a conclusion from the information given.

Design

Produce a plan, simulation or model.

Determine

Obtain the only possible answer.

Discuss

Offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of arguments, factors or hypotheses. Opinions or conclusions should be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

Evaluate

Make an appraisal by weighing up the strengths and limitations.

Explain

Give a detailed account including reasons or causes.

Justify

Give valid reasons or evidence to support an answer or conclusion.

Predict

Give an expected result.

Sketch

Represent by means of a diagram or graph (labelled as appropriate). The sketch should give a general idea of the required shape or relationship, and should include relevant features.

Suggest

Propose a solution, hypothesis or other possible answer.