PSYC 2301 - Final Exam Study Guide

Flashcards created from the PSYC 2301 Final Exam Study Guide to review essential concepts from Chapters 10-16.

What is motivation?

The process that initiates, guides, and maintains goal-oriented behaviors.

What does the Yerkes-Dodson law state?

There is an optimal level of arousal for achieving performance.

What are the components of the biopsychosocial framework of obesity?

Biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to obesity.

What is Anorexia Nervosa?

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

What is Bulimia Nervosa?

An eating disorder involving episodes of binge eating followed by purging.

What is Binge Eating Disorder?

An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of eating large quantities of food.

What are the levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, and Self-Actualization.

What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?

Intrinsic motivation comes from within, while extrinsic motivation is driven by external rewards.

What does the sympathetic nervous system do?

Prepares the body for 'fight or flight' reactions.

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?

Promotes 'rest and digest' functions.

Define sex in the psychological context.

The biological differences between male and female organisms.

Define gender in the psychological context.

The roles, behaviors, and expectations society considers appropriate for males and females.

What are gender differences in aggression?

Males typically exhibit more physical aggression, while females may show more relational aggression.

What is sexual orientation?

A person's pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attraction to others.

What is the sexual response pattern?

The stages of sexual arousal: excitement, plateau, orgasm, resolution.

What is the purpose of sex education?

To provide information about sexual health, relationships, and responsible behavior.

What is pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?

A medication taken to prevent HIV infection in high-risk individuals.

Define personality.

An individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

What are the Id, Ego, and Superego?

Components of personality; Id is primal desires, Ego is reality-based, Superego is moral conscience.

List four defense mechanisms.

Repression, denial, projection, and sublimation.

What are the psychosexual stages of development?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages.

What is reciprocal determinism?

The idea that personal factors, behavior, and environment interact to shape an individual's actions.

What does the MMPI stand for?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory.

Define social psychology.

The study of how individuals influence and are influenced by others.

What is attribution theory?

A theory that explains how individuals pinpoint the causes of their own and others' behaviors.

What are common attribution errors?

Fundamental attribution error and self-serving bias.

What is cognitive dissonance theory?

The theory that contradicting beliefs or behaviors cause discomfort, leading to attitude change.

Who was Milgram and what was his experiment about?

Stanley Milgram, conducted an experiment on obedience to authority involving shocks to participants.

Who was Zimbardo and what is his notable experiment?

Philip Zimbardo, known for the Stanford prison experiment on the effects of situational context on behavior.

Define prejudice.

A preconceived opinion or judgment about an individual or group without sufficient knowledge.

Define abnormal behavior.

Patterns of behavioral or psychological symptoms that impact multiple life areas and create distress.

What is the DSM-V classification?

A classification and diagnostic tool used for mental disorders.

What does ADHD stand for?

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

A disorder characterized by excessive worry about various aspects of life.

What is a panic disorder?

A psychiatric disorder characterized by sudden and repeated episodes of intense fear.

Define specific phobia.

An intense, irrational fear of a specific object or situation.

What does SAD stand for?

Seasonal Affective Disorder, a type of depression related to seasonal changes.

What does OCD stand for, and what are its main components?

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (ritualistic behaviors).

What is PTSD?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing trauma.

What does MDD stand for?

Major Depressive Disorder.

What is Bipolar Disorder?

A mental health disorder characterized by extreme mood swings from mania to depression.

Define Schizophrenia and its symptoms.

A severe mental disorder that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves; includes positive symptoms like hallucinations and negative symptoms like lack of emotion.

What is Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)?

A chronic condition characterized by disregard for others and violation of their rights.

What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)?

A mental health disorder characterized by instability in moods, behavior, self-image, and functioning.

What should you do when someone threatens suicide?

Take the threat seriously, listen, offer support, and seek professional help.

What should you NOT do when someone threatens suicide?

Do not leave the person alone, minimize their feelings, or attempt to solve their problems.

What is the difference between directive and nondirective therapy?

Directive therapy involves therapist direction, while nondirective allows clients to lead the conversation.

What is insight therapy?

Therapy focused on understanding the underlying reasons for behavior to foster change.

What are psychodynamic therapies?

Therapeutic approaches that focus on revealing and resolving unconscious conflicts.

What are humanistic therapies?

Therapies that emphasize personal growth and self-actualization.

What are client-centered therapies?

Therapies focusing on the client’s perspective and fostering a supportive environment.

What are behavior therapies?

Treatments that focus on modifying specific behaviors through learning techniques.

What are cognitive therapies?

Therapies that emphasize changing negative thought patterns to improve emotional well-being.

What are cognitive-behavioral therapies?

Approaches that combine cognitive and behavioral techniques to address dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors.

What is drug therapy?

The use of medication to treat psychological disorders.

What is electroconvulsive therapy?

A medical treatment for severe depression that involves sending small electric currents through the brain.

What are Erickson's Stages of Lifespan Development?

Psychosocial development stages, including Trust vs. Mistrust to Integrity vs. Despair.