gen sci midterm

disaster

a sudden, calamitous occurrence that causes great harm, injury, destruction, and devastation to life and property”

man-made

caused by man are those in which major direct causes are identifiable intentional or non-intentional human actions.

natural

a natural phenomenon is caused by natural forces, such as earthquakes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, fires, tornados, and extreme temperatures.

risk

refers to the potential (not actual and realized) disaster losses which could occur in a community or society over some specified future time period.

hazard

are the dangerous phenomena or events, such as earthquakes, floods, wildfires, droughts, pandemics, or technological accidents.

exposure

refers to the presence of people, livelihoods, environmental services, and infrastructure in places that could be affected by hazards.

vulnerability

This describes the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system, or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.

geological hazard

is an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth that poses a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves), and landslides.

volcano

 is a vent or fissure in the planet's crust through which lava, ash, rock, and gases erupt.

volcanic eruption

occurs when magma is released from a volcano.

tephra

consists of pyroclastic fragments of any size and origin. Release of gases and ash from a volcano. 

pyroclastic flow

is a dense, fast-moving flow of solidified lava pieces, volcanic ash, and hot gases

lahar

is an Indonesian term that describes a hot or cold mixture of water and rock fragments that flows down the slopes of a volcano and typically enters a river valley.

lava domes

are formed by viscous magma being erupted effusively onto the surface and then piling up around the vent.

poisonous gases

the gases that are released during a volcanic eruption, come from deep within the Earth.

earthquakes

is one of the most violent natural phenomena.

ground shaking

describes the vibration of the ground during an

earthquake.

surface faulting

is displacement that reaches the earth's surface during slip along a fault.

landslide

is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope.

liquefaction

describes the way in which soil liquefies during ground shaking.

tsunamis

are a series of large waves generated by sudden

displacements of large volumes of water.

soil erosion

The process of wearing away and removal of topsoil by natural forces like wind and water, or through human activities.

deforestation

Removing trees and vegetation leaves the soil exposed to the elements.

farming practices

, such as tilling (ploughing) and monoculture (growing the same crop repeatedly), deplete soil nutrients and leave it susceptible to erosion.

saltwater intrusion

The movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers, typically near coastal areas.

sea-level rise

Rising sea levels, driven by climate change, increase the pressure of saltwater on coastal aquifers, making saltwater intrusion more likely

over-pumping of groundwater

Excessive extraction of groundwater, particularly near coastal areas, lowers the water table.

hydrometeorological hazard

are atmospheric, hydrological, or oceanographic phenomena that can cause various impacts.

typhoon

are the name for tropical cyclones in the Northwest

Pacific Ocean.

cyclone

Tropical cyclones that form over the South Pacific and Indian Oceans. 

hurricane

Tropical cyclones that form over the North Atlantic Ocean, the North Pacific Ocean east of the dateline, and the central North Pacific Ocean

floods

 The inundation of normally dry land by water.

flash floods

These are rapid, intense floods that occur in a short period, often within six hours of the causative event.

coastal storm surge

A temporary rise in sea level near the coast caused by a combination of high tides, strong winds, and low atmospheric pressure associated with storms.

thunderstorms

Violent storms characterized by lightning, heavy rain, strong winds, and sometimes hail.

heatwaves

Prolonged periods of abnormally and excessively hot weather, often associated with high humidity.

Ipo-ipo

This term refers to a localized strong wind or whirlwind, often associated with thunderstorms.

community preparedness plan

is the ability of community to prepare for, withstand, and recover from public health incidents in both long and short term; coordinate training and provide guidance to support community in involvement with preparedness effort.

mitigation

refers to actions taken to reduce the likelihood of a disaster occurring or to lessen its potential impact.

Prevention

It aim to prevent a disaster from happening in the first place.

family emergency plan

This is one of the most important tools every individual and family can have to protect themselves in possible emergencies. In disaster planning, always consider the WORST SCENARIO.

disaster plan

is to lessen the impact of disaster on vulnerable populations, to ready an organization for an influx of activity, and to design a coordinated plan that reduces the waste of resources, time, and efforts.

Republic act no. 10121

provides the basic policies and coordination mechanism for DRRM through the Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Councils (DRRMC) at the national, regional, and local levels. “preparing for, responding to and recovering from the effects of any disaster.”

national disaster risk reduction and management council

is designated with policymaking, coordination, integration, supervision, and monitoring and evaluation functions.

department of science and technology (DOST)

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Avoid hazards and mitigate their potential impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and exposure and enhancing capacities of communities.

Department of interior and local government (DILG)

Disaster preparedness, Establish and strengthen capacities of communities to anticipate, cope and recover from the negative impacts of emergency occurrences and disasters.

Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

Disaster Response, Provide life preservation and meet the basic subsistence needs of affected population based on acceptable standards during of immediately after a disaster.

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

Disaster Rehabilitation and Recovery, Restore and improve facilities, livelihood and living conditions and organizational capacities of affected communities, and reduced disaster risks in accordance with the “building back better” principle.