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Ultrafiltration
process that filters small molecules (water, glucose, ions, urea) into Bowman's capsule, forming glomerular filtrate
Bowman's Capsule
structure that collects filtered fluid (glomerular filtrate) from ultrafiltration process
Afferent Arteriole
The blood vessel that brings blood into the glomerulus.
Efferent Arteriole
smaller blood vessel that blood exits through, creating high pressure in glomerulus.
High Pressure
force that drives small molecules through pores in capillary endothelium during ultrafiltration
Capillary Endothelium
layer of cells in glomerulus that has pores allowing small molecules to pass through
Basement Membrane
filtration barrier that prevents large molecules (like proteins) from passing into Bowman's capsule
Podocytes
specialized cells in Bowman's capsule that assist in filtration
Glomerular Filtrate
fluid collected in Bowman's capsule, containing filtered substances
Filtered Substances
Water, salts, glucose + urea removed from blood during ultrafiltration
Retained Substances
blood cells, platelets + proteins that remain in bloodstream + not filtered out
reabsorption
process where some useful substances from glomerular filtrate are taken back into bloodstream later in nephron
Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)
measure of volume of filtrate formed per minute, indicating kidney efficiency.
