Speech Language Development Exam Two Terms

Schema

Cognitive structures that identify, store, retrieve information

Assimilation

Process where we add new information to existing schema

Accommodation

Process where we accommodate learning new information through new schemas

Perception

Process to select, integrate, organize, or interpret sensory stimuli, touch taste and smell are predominant

Distancing

Use of abstract symbol, word, or real object

Representation

Ability to think about things or use words without acting upon them directlyPri

Private Speech

Child speaks to themselves to think through idea or problem

Dramatic play

Symbolic and take role of another person

Egocentric Speech

Children who cannot take mental view of others

Zone of proximal development

abilities child can perform with supports

Scaffolding

Adjustments for special learners with cognitive difficult tasks

Executive functions

ability to control processes for inhibiting irrelevant associations

Attention

Ability to hold relevant information in presence of internal and external distractions

Working Memory

System actively holds and allows you to voluntarily focus and process relevant information

Theory of mind

Assign mental state to yourself and others and realize they can be different

Higher order thinking

Application, analyze, create, evaluate

Visual

first perceptual skill 8-12 inches in front of you

Joint Attention

Shared attention focused on object, each other, or events

Tactile

Skin to skin contact allows refine movement of grasping for wider variety of input

Auditory

Pairing sounds with objects/actions around them

Aquisition

Advanced skill to attend to competing information

Infant directed singing

caregiver sings directly to child with higher pitch, extended vowels, slowed songs, facial expressions

Rhymes/fingerplay

provides melody, repetition, social routine, facial expressions, movement, rhythm, literation

Stories

Develop vocab, sentence structure, simple and complex sentences, suprasegmentals, genre structure

Child directed interaction

Use to foster language mapping and connect language to activity

Expansion

adult adds words to expand grammatical accuracy of what child produced

Extension

Adds information beyond what child intended focus on meaning more than grammar

Fast mapping

Learn word meaning with limited exposure

Sequence of word learning

1. auditory cue

2. phonological representation

3. semantic representation

Prelocutionary

Child is reflexive and receive stimuli but do not intentionally communicate

Illocutionary Act

Child uses gestures or vocalizations to intentionally communicate

Locutionary Act

Child has intentional communication and it’s delivered with true words

deictic gestures

reaching or pointing

Representational gestures

help demonstrate feature ex: eat with a spoon or waving hi

Protoimperitive functions

Use communication to get adult to do something or not do something (request object, request action, reject or protest)

Protodeclarative functions

Directed to adult to focus on object/event (commenting)

First words

Intentional communication of gestures, vocalizations, or both during 8-12 months all lead to first words

First Word Criteria

1. Can produce form consistently (speech)

2. Use in context (language)

3. Production is approximation of adult word

Phonology 

rules for sounds of language and syllable structure

Benedict

Vocab classification by grammar (noun vs verb)

Bloom

Vocab classification based on semantics

Substantive words

object/event has a function or perceptual features

Relational Words

Signify relationship between people, objects, events ex: all gone, more

Halliday

classification of function by response of listener to child’s communication measured by success of communication

Dore

Classification of function based on child attempt and how they intended to use it not the success (primitive speech acts)

demonstrative

adjective or pronoun this or that

entity

thing that is in utterance (no action)

attribute

adjective focused on size, color, shape

possessor

person or thing object is associated with

posession

object that is owned

location

a place

action

movement or activity

ajent

performer of action

Object

Person or thing that receives action

Mean Length Utterance

average number of morphemes in a language sample

morpheme

smallest unit of language that carries meaning

free morpheme

can stand independently ex:birth

bound morpheme

must be connected ex: ing

derivationl

prefix or suffix to change meaning/grammatical category

Inflectional

Only suffix to have more meaning but same grammatical category