Cell Bio- Exam 1

GLUT1

________- glucose transporter expressed on plasma membrane of RBCs and endothelium or BB barrier, can pump one glucose at a time.

Hydrophobic tail

________ inserts into membrane and polar group will extend beyond membrane.

Patch

________ clamping- can use small needle to clamp onto membrane and suck part of the membrane with the channel in, we can measure current flow with this technique.

Signal anchor

________ seq- stops translocation into cytosol, translocation into lumen commences and transcription is cont.

Prenylation

________- conjugation happens on c terminus side.

Lipid rafts

________:: sphingolipid, cholesterol and certain proteins make up.

Pinocytosis

________- small nutrients taken up by the cell, fluid droplets.

Flippase

________ (ex to c) and floppase (c to ex) can aid in spontaneous flipping in the membrane, use ATP.

GPI anchor

________- has sugar and phosphate, conjugate to membrane on c terminus, face towards exoplasmic surface.

Con

________: may not accurately represent the og cells in tissue.

Scaffold

________ for biochemical activities- certain proteins can receive signals on membrane.

Aquaporin

________- water transport pore, transports water across membrane for water balance, arrangement inside porin prevents protons from entering.

diff chemicals

Fix:: using ________ to kill /section the cell, partially permeabilizes cells.

Liposome

________- has double layer membrane, used to deliver drugs.

PS

________ and PI carry neg charges→ help determine charge of membrane.

Protein

________ on the surface by lipid is conjugated to ________ and lipid is in the bilayer.

Import receptor

________- reads mito targeting signal, delivers to translocon.

ribosomes

No ________ is bound to protein, peptide chain goes through translocon.

SRP

________ binds to GTP which is bound to the translocon.

formation

Catalyzes the ________ and rearragement of disulfide bonds (key for proper folding, function, and stability)

Transverse diffusion

________:: flip flop from one face to another, hard bc head group does not like to cross hydrophobic environment.

Pex5

________ is receptor, binds to Pex14, transfers to Pex12 /2, then ________ releases.

Polyribosome

________:: mRNA molecule to which ribosomes are attached and engaged in protein synthesis.

Compartmentalize organelles

________ formed to localize biochemical reactions.

Monoclonal antibodies

________:: only can recognize a single epitope, used for covid treatment.

ATP

________ hydrolyzes to transfer c term into ER mem.

animal cell size

10-30 micro m in size

cell strain

lineage of cells originating from one initial primary cell culture

con

may not accurately represent the og cells in tissue

monoclonal antibodies

only can recognize a single epitope , used for covid treatment

to generate monoclonal antibodies

inject antigen into animal, animal generates b cells to recognize antigen, myeloma cells fuse with b cells, transfer to to selective medium and find fused cells

objective lens

glass lens close to sample

projection lens

close to eye

Fix

using diff chemicals to kill/section the cell, partially permeabilizes cells

embedding and sectioning

cut into small pieces to look directly at underneath the microscope

hemotoxylin

stain nucleus, base, purple

eosin

stains cytoplasm pink, acid

Fluorescent dyes/protiens

absorb light at shorter wavelength (excitation), emit light at longer wavelength (emission)

scaffold for biochemical activities

certain proteins can receive signals on membrane

transporting solutes

certain mem proteins can transport things

amphiphilic

have two diff properties, hydrophobic and hydrophilic

unsat

double bonds

sat

no double bonds

liposome

has double layer membrane, used to deliver drugs

micelle

one layer membrane

transverse diffusion

flip flop from one face to another, hard bc head group does not like to cross hydrophobic environment

lateral shift

move across own face

flex

turn around

Lipid rafts

sphingolipid, cholesterol and certain proteins make up

cytoplasmic face

faces to cytosol in cell/ matrix

exoplasmic face

faces exterior, or intermembrane space

detergents

long hydrophobic and hydrophilic tails, can interact with a protein to keep it dissolved into the solution that it is in (SDS, Triton)

acylation

use fatty acids and conjugation on n terminal side

prenylation

conjugation happens on c terminus side

GPI anchor

has sugar and phosphate, conjugate to membrane on c terminus, face towards exoplasmic surface

electrochemical gradient

contains conc gradient and membrane potential (cyto more neg and exoplasmic side more positive)

GLUT1

glucose transporter expressed on plasma membrane of RBCs and endothelium or BB barrier, can pump one glucose at a time

aquaporin

water transport pore, transports water across membrane for water balance, arrangement inside porin prevents protons from entering

aquaporin 2

absence of it leads to diabetes, excretion of large vols of dilute urine

Na/K

inside cell is negative, charge accumulates on sides

patch clamping

can use small needle to clamp onto membrane and suck part of the membrane with the channel in, we can measure current flow with this technique

^^ can be backwards in pulmonary capps

HCO3 in, Cl out, HB in so that CO2 can leave

Pinocytosis

small nutrients taken up by the cell, fluid droplets

exocytosis

secretion of obj out of cell

Na K ATPase

uses ATP to move Na and K from low to high conc

Na Glucose Symporter

uses Na and mem potential to pump glucose and Na from low to high conc

GLUT2

glucose uniporter

mem bound

attached to cytoplasmic face of ER, synthesize secretory proteins

free ribosomes

free in cytosol, synthesizes non secretory proteins

polyribosome

mRNA molecule to which ribosomes are attached and engaged in protein synthesis

vesicular trafficking to final destination

plasma membrane, lysosome, endosome

translate until there is a stop transport anchor seq

translocation stops, translating continues

signal anchor seq

stops translocation into cytosol, translocation into lumen commences and transcription is cont

4A

n term faces cytosol

4B

n term faces lumen

Import receptor

reads mito targeting signal, delivers to translocon

Translocon of outer mem

associates with import receptor, delivers protein to 2nd translocon

Translocon of Inner membrane

aligned with TOM

Matrix in Hsc70 (acts like BiP)

aids in net translocation

nuclear pore complex

spans both bilayers, huge

nuclear import

occurs via diffusion