AP United States Required Cases

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

supremacy clause; implied powers; use of elastic clause; state unable to tax fed. Institution

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Commerce clause of Constitution does not give Congress the power to regulate guns near state-operated schools

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools by virtue of 1st Amendment's establishment clause and the 14th Amendment's due process clause

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the 8th grade because it would violate long-held religious beliefs; free exercise clause

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands); free speech

New York Times v. US (1971)

The Court ruled that freedom of the press is protected, and prior restraint of the press is illegal. BOlstered freedom of the press. "heavy presumption against prior restraint"

Schenk v. United States (1919)

speech creating a "clear and present dagner" is not protected by the 1st Amendment

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent in a state felony case; due process clause of 14th amendment

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Abortion rights fall within the privacy implied in the 14th amendment; due process clause of 14th amendment

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

2nd Amendment to the states; due process clause of 14th amendment

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

unanimously held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010)

Political Spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is a form of protected speech under the 1st Amendment

Baker v. Carr (1962)

state legislative districts to be as near equal as possible in population; equal protection clause

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

NO racial gerrymandering; equal protection clause

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

supremacy clause; judicial review of supreme court over an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution