psych test 4 five factor model

pioneer of trait approach

Gordon Allport

examine characteristics common to all people

Nomothetic approaches

traits associated with some people but not others

Idiographic approaches

a statistical technique used to group things together

Factor analysis

characteristics can go from low to high with all different intermediate values possible. No one has one trait or doesn't have it. 

continuous distribution

people's behavior is determined by situational factors and aren't consistent.

Five factor model

An alternative to the five-factor model. Adds sixth factor, honesty 

hexico model

broad personality traits can be broken down into narrow facets or aspects of the trait. provide more specific descriptions for what a person is like

 Facets

a person can score high on one, and low on another

Independent

the language we use to describe people and ourselves 

Lexical hypothesis

assumes later behavior and personality determined by earlier development. 

Psychic determinism

Freudian slips, transference dream analysis gives the therapist insight into the mind. 

Psychic causality

how Somone's behaviors are shaped unconsciously in early life experiences 

Psychodynamic theory

mental strategy's we use when felt threatened. 

Ego difference

test scores used to make important decisions (who gets into uni) 

High stakes testing

A set of tests which is answered in limited responses (true false, agree slightly agree) 

Objective tests 

people base their self-concept on comparison with others 

Reference group effect

seeing yourself in a favorable way

Self enhancement bias

basic instincts like hunger, aggression

Id

the conscious part operates on reality

Ego

morality

Super ego

someone else describing someone

Informant report

tests based on the assumption that people for automatic or implicit associations between certain concepts based on their previous experience and behavior. 

Implicit tests

maintain a stable state across the body (not enough water dehydration/too much bad) 

Homeostasis

set point

an ideal level which the system is regulated too 

a collapsing of time perspective toward the preset “I'm not doing anything till I eat first”

Attention-narrowing

Hypothalamus

(located in lower part central part of brain) regulates hunger and arousal 

the state of being full to satisfaction

Satiation

facial expressions motivate how people feel 

James lange theory