math methods, characters, string

Java provides many useful methods in the ________________ for performing common mathematical functions

math class

class constants

Math.pi, Math.E

returns the trigonometric sine of an angle in radians

Math.sin

returns the trigonometric cosine of an angle in radians

Math.cos

returns a raised to the power of b

pow(a, b)

returns a raised to the power of b

sqrt(x)

x rounded up to its nearest integer. This integer is returned as a double value

ceil(x)

x rounded down to its nearest integer. This integer is returned as a double value

floor(x)

x rounded to its nearest integer. If x is equally close to two integers, the even one is returned as a double.

rint(x)

x rounded to its nearest integer. If the first decimal place is <= .4, then round down, otherwise round up.

round(x)

returns the maximum or minimum of two parameters.

max(a, b) or min(a, b)

returns the absolute value of the parameter

abs(a)

a character data type represents a _____

single character

a string is enclosed in, a character is enclosed in

“ “, ‘ '

what can be used on char variables to get the next or preceding character?

increment and decrement operators

unicode can represent_____ characters

65536

ASCII code for 0-9

48-57

characters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ decimal values 

65-90

characters ‘a’ to ‘z’ decimal values 

97-122

unicode takes ____ bytes and is preceded by ___

2, \u

unicode is expressed in __________ numbers

4 hexadecimal

unicode runs from _______ to ________

‘\u0000’, ‘\uFFFF’

tab

\t

newline

\n

double quote

\”

format specifier: boolean value (true or false)

%b

format specifier: character ‘a’

%c

format specifier: integer

%d

format specifier: floating point number (~double)

%f

format specifier: string “ “

%s

specifies how an item should be displayed

format specifier

convert number into string

String s = “ “ + number;

convert numeric string into an int value (similar for double value)

int intValue = Integer.parseInt(intString);

To find a character/substring in a string, use the different format of the _________ and _________ methods

indexOf() and lastIndexOf()

Returns a substring that begins with the character at the specified beginIndex and extends to the character at index endIndex - 1

substring(beginIndex, endIndex)

returns a n integer > 0, == 0, < 0 to indicate whether the string is greater than, equal to, or less than s

compareTo(s1)

returns true if the string is equal to string s

equals(s1)

reading a string: invoke ____ method on a Scanner object

next()

method to read an entire line of text

nextLine()

the string type is not a primitive type, it is known as

reference type

returns the number of characters in the string

length()

returns the character at the specified index from the string

charAt(index)

get last letter method:

message.length() - 1

returns a new string that concatenates in the string with string s1

concat(s1)

returns a new string with all letters in uppercase

toUpperCase()

returns a new string with all letters in lowercase

toLowerCase()

returns a new string with whitespace characters trimmed on both sides

trim()

returns true if the specified character is a digit

isDigit(Ch)

returns true if the specified character is a letter

isLetter(ch)

returns true if the specified character is a letter or digit

isLetterOrDigit(ch)

returns true if the specified character is lowercase letter

isLowerCase(ch)

returns true if the specified character is uppercase letter

isUpperCase(ch)

returns the lowercase of the specified character

toLowerCase(ch)

returns the uppercase of the specified character

toUpperCase(ch)