1. Allosteric Regulation

Activation

A process where a regulatory molecule binds to an allosteric site, changing the protein's shape to enhance substrate binding and speed up the reaction.

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

An enzyme involved in cellular respiration that is activated by allosteric regulation.

Inhibition

Occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to the allosteric site, altering the protein's shape to decrease substrate binding and slow down the reaction.

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to proteins, which can activate or inhibit enzymes, similar to allosteric regulation.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

An enzyme that is regulated by phosphorylation in cellular metabolism.

Competitive Inhibition

A process where a regulatory molecule competes with the substrate for the active site, blocking the reaction.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

An enzyme in the citric acid cycle that can be inhibited by a competitive inhibitor.

Light capture reactions

Part of photosynthesis involving two photosystems that capture light energy to create a proton gradient for ATP production.

Calvin Cycle

The phase of photosynthesis that uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions to fix carbon dioxide into sugars.