MP1 - ATP

What is ATP known as for all living cells?

the energy current

Where is “free” energy carried in ATP?

in the bonds between the phosphates

What 3 types of work, ATP is required for?

1. Mechanical Work (movement)

2. Transport Work (pumping substances from one conc. gradient to another)

3. Chemical Work (supplying chemical energy for endergonic reactions such as DNA)

Endergonic Reaction

a reaction that results the absorbing of energy ; non-spontaneous (takes place under certain conditions ; requires external energy input to proceed)

What does ATP consists of?

3 phosphate groups, ribose (nucleic acid) and adenine (nitrogenous base)

What happens, when ATP is hydrolyzed?

the terminal (end) phosphate group is removed, energy stored between the bonds is released, and products become inorganic phosphate and ADP

What reaction is it, when ATP is hyrdolyzed and why?

exergonic reaction since, energy is being released

During ATP hydrolysis, when the terminal phosphate group is removed , where does it then bond with? What about the new terminal phosphate ; what bonds to that? Products?

bonds with -OH to become H2O (from water added) to become inorganic phosphate, and the H^+ ion caps the new terminal phosphate forming ADP

what form of energy is ATP considered as?

useable form of energy

what is phosphorylation known as?

the process of gaining a phosphate through the addition of ATP

when does substrate-level phosphorylation occur?

when a phosphate group is directly added to ADP to produce ATP through an enzyme

when does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

indirectly formed by high-energy electrons being transported and undergoing a series of redox reactions along the mitochondrial membrane

What happens during photophosphorylation?

Pi indirectly added. Relies on the presence of photons of light at specific wavelengths

What occurs when ATP is synthesized?

a phosphate group is added to the end restoring energy within the bonds

Write the equation of, how ATP is synthesized?

ADP + Pi produces ATP

What type of reaction is it, when ATP is synthesized?

endergonic reaction as energy is being stored

When ATP is synthesized, what does this emphasize the importance of?

of food since the added energy (to be stored) is from the breakdown of larger molecules (ex. food)

What reaction is occurring to ATP to release energy?

hydrolysis reaction and the breakdown of ATP into ADP and Pi.

What reaction is occurring to ATP to replenish energy?

dehydration synthesis reaction that re-forms ATP from ADP and Pi.

What’s the goal of cellular respiration?

to produce ATP from glucose