psax views

t/f: all 4 valves can be viewed in this views

true

how may the heart appear if the transducer is placed lower than the 3rd or 4th rib space

oval instead of round

the basal segment is located between

the atrioventricular groove and the tip of the papillary muscle

the mid psax view is at the level of

papillary muscle

the apical segment is located between

base of the papillary muscles and the apex

which av cusp does the interatrial segment always point to in the basal view

noncoronary cusp

which av cusp is adjacent to the rvot in the basal view

right coronary cusp

which av cusp is adjacent to the la

left coronary cusp

which leaflets of the tv are visualized in the basal psax view

anterior and septal

identify the cusps of the av

it is easier to see the number of av cusps when the av is

open

how is pulmonary artery diameter measured (where and during what phase of the cardiac cycle?)

• measured at end diastole

• midway between pv and pa bifurcation

normal measurement for pa

under 2.5 cm

the mpa should be _____ than the ascending aorta

what ratio?

smaller

mpa to asc ao of 1 or greater indicates abnormal

in what view can the pulmonic valve be assessed w m mode

psax at base of heart

what leaflet of the pulmonic valve displayed on the image can be recorded

most posterior

pulmonic valve m mode

in what view is tv m mode viewed?

how does it appear on m mode?

short axis

very similar to mitral valve

what is rvot doppler used for

determining rv stroke volume and

Qp/Qs ratio

how should rvot doppler be measured

sample gate volume set to 4-5 mm

sample volume placed in center, ab 5-10 mm prox to the pv

rvot looks similar to lvot doppler except

slower acceleration and deceleration

what view provides the most accurate doppler evaluation of the pv

psax

normal pulmonic waveform and speed

slow-peaking parabolic waveform

1 m/s

the duration of the pulmonary flow is _____ than the left ventricular ejection time

longer

if pulmonary vascular resistance increases with phtn, how will the waveform appear

looks more like the aortic valve w sharper velocity curve, triangular shape and early peak velocity

acceleration time is measured how

from the start of flow through the valve until peak is reached

obtain waveform at the end of expiration

normal at for pv

over 105 ms

tracing the waveform provides

peak velocity and pressure gradients