Plant Nutrition 9-2
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Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulphur, Calcium, Magnesium.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium.
From water and the atmosphere.
Chlorine, Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Nickel, and Molybdenum.
Usually cofactors for enzymes; needed in very small amounts.
The plant may die.
Yellow patterning (chlorosis).
Reddish-purple margins.
Edges of leaves dry out.
Water tightly held by hydrophilic soil particles is unavailable to plants.
Water not tightly held by soil particles.
They stick to negatively charged soil particles, making them less available to plants.
They dissolve in soil water and remain free for uptake.
Cations bind to soil particles, so plants must free them to absorb them.
Roots secrete CO₂ → reacts with water → forms H⁺ ions.
Displace nutrient cations from soil particles.
Proton pumps in root cell membranes.
Through ion channels.
Through cotransporters with H⁺.
Energy released when H⁺ re-enters the cell powers transport.
They can only use nitrogen in ammonium (NH₄⁺) or nitrate (NO₃⁻) form.
Bacteria converting N₂ → NH₃ (ammonia).
Mutualistic relationships between plant roots and fungi.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
NH₃ + organic material decomposition → amino acids → NH₄⁺.
NH₄⁺ → NO₂⁻ → NO₃⁻ by nitrifying bacteria.
NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻.
Flavonoids released by root hairs.
Infection thread.
It bursts and releases bacteria; cortex cells divide rapidly to form a nodule.
Increased uptake of nitrogen or phosphorus, increased water absorption, more root growth, protection from pathogens.
A constant supply of sugars from the plant.
They live in nitrogen-poor acidic bogs; obtain nutrients from insects.
Yes, they still perform photosynthesis.
Plants that grow on host plants and form a haustorium to tap the host’s xylem.
No, some still perform photosynthesis.
Plants that use other trees for support but are not parasitic.
One that is required for the plant to complete its life cycle and cannot be substituted.
To obtain cations bound to soil particles.
For nitrogen fixation and improved nutrient absorption.
It converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable forms for the entire food chain.
Carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism.
Note 
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