Music Education Midterm

mid-1600s

The Bay Psalm Book is published

early 1700s

John Tuft An Introduction to the Singing of Psalm Tunes

early 1800s

Lowell Mason introduces vocal music education to public elementary schools

late 1800s (1)

Patrick Gilmore and John Philip Sousa start traveling bands of former Civil War soldiers

late 1800s (2)

Frances Elliott Clark advocates for music appreciation and general music curriculum for all grades of public schools

Heinrich Pestalozzi

Swiss educator who believed that learning is a natural process that is best approached through practical experience

Lowell Mason

Father of American Music Education who fought for vocal music instruction in primary schools in Boston

How Sputnik impacted education

More emphasis was placed on academic subjects, meaning music education had to be defended through special interest groups

Yale Seminar on Music Education

Music professionals gathered to discuss ways to improve music education and created the Julliard Repertory Project, which aimed to produce compositions accessible to elementary students

Tanglewood Symposium

A meeting organized by the MENC in response to the Yale Seminar to include more music educators in conversations about advances in music education

Utilitarian vs Aesthetic

utilitarian examines music education through a lens of how it validates other subjects and aesthetic examines music based on its ability to enhance students’ creativity and sensitivity to art

Aesthetic Philosophy

May lead to nonmusical outcomes, but its primary value is its ability to heighten and strengthen students’ sensitivity. Improves the quality of students’ lives even after the have left the educational environment

Heteronomists

umbrella term for referentialists and expressionists

Referentialists

music’s meaning is derived from its references to or imitations of nonmusical things

Expressionists

maintain that music has meaning because it expresses the emotions of the composer, the text, and/or the performer

Autonomists

meaning conveyed through music results from the organization of musical sounds/form. music has no inherent relationship to nonmusical things or emotional states and that any such meaning attached to music is artificial

Formal/Absolute Expressionists

musical meaning results in part from musical form and structure and asserts that formal aspects of music do in fact express something

Systems Approach

developed by state departments of education, school districts, universities, and commercial textbook companies. centered around objectives and goals

Conceptual Approach

content centered — students experience concepts to learn them and apply them to demonstrate learning

Materials Approach

selecting texts and other instructional materials and building the music program around them

Content Approach

broader than the conceptual approach, but very similar — rather than focusing on details of a topic, the focus is on the overarching topic

Method Approach

using specific teaching methods to organize curriculum

Auditory Learning

information is best retained through listening and verbal instruction

Visual Learning

using images, graphs, charts, and other visual aids to understand and retain information

Intuitive Learning

understanding concepts without conscious reasoning. It involves instinctive comprehension and immediate insight.

Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development

explains how children's thinking evolves through stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, & formal operational

Hidden Curriculum

unintended lessons taught in school beyond academic content, including norms, values, and beliefs shaping students' behavior and perceptions.

Dalcroze Eurythmics

students explore all aspects of musical sound via immediate physical response

Kodaly and Sol-Fa

students learn to become musically literate through singing with Curwen hand signs and solfege

Orff Schulwerke

emphasizes creativity, movement, and play to fully engage students in music learning

Suzuki Talent Education

method used in private lessons starting with very young children. involves kid-sized instruments, rote learning, and heavy parental involvement. children learn music as though it is a native language