104 tabulation 1 (botanical origin & common names)

Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

botanical origin of this plant

St. John’s wort

common name of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

flowers, buds, and leaves

which plant parts are used in Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae) in medicine?

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Tracheophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Malpighiales

taxonomic class of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

Silybum marianum L. (Asteraceae)

botanical origin of this plant

holy thistle

common name of Silybum marianum L. (Asteraceae)

seeds

plant part used in Silybum marianum L. for medicine

Kingdom: Plantae

Phylum: Tracheophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Asterales

taxonomic class of Silybum marianum L.

Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

botanical origin of this plant

maidenhair tree

common name of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

leaves and seeds

plant parts used in Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae) for medicinal use

K: Plantae

   P: Tracheophyta

      C: Ginkgoopsida

         O: Ginkgoales

taxonomic origin of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

botanical origin of this plant

purple coneflower

common name of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

roots, flowers, and leaves

plant parts used in Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae) for medicinal use

K: Plantae

  P: Tracheophyta

      C: Magnoliopsida

        O: Asterales

taxonomic order of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae)

botanical origin of this plant

Psychedelic mushroom

common name of Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae)

Basidiome

plant parts used in Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae) for medicinal use

Fungi

    Basidiomycota

    Agaricomycetes 

         Agaricales

taxonomic order of Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae)

Used for treating: 

• Depression and anxiety

• Emotional and behavioral complications in children

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder

• Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) & menstrual cramps

• Psoriasis

• skin infections, wounds, burns, bruises, and dermatitis

• sciatica, headaches, and neuralgia

traditional/medicinal use of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

• naphthodianthrones

• phloroglucinols

• flavonols

• cinnamic acids

• flavanols

• bioflavonoids

major secondary metabolites of Hypericum perforatum L. (Hypericaceae)

Used in the treatment of various liver, kidney, and other diseases due to its antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anticancer, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, and antiviral properties

traditional/medicinal use of Silybum marianum L. (Asteraceae)

• Silibin

• silibinin A and B

• silicristin

• silidianin

• apigenin

• dehydrosilybin

• deoxysilyn cristin

• deoxysilyn dianin

major secondary metabolites of Silybum marianum L. (Asteraceae)

Used for treating and managing:

• Cough, common cold 

• Bronchitis 

• Asthma 

• Tuberculosis 

• Lung dysfunctions 

• Brain dysfunction 

• Alzheimer’s disease 

• Dementia 

• Memory impairment / memory enhancement 

• Headache 

• Vertigo 

• Depression 

• Ear disorders 

• Heart dysfunctions 

• Hypertension 

• Angina pectoris 

• Coronal (coronary) disease Blood / circulatory problems 

• Atherosclerotic diseases with peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular insufficiency 

• Hypocholesterolemic effects 

• Hypolipidemic effects 

• Anti-dyslipidemia 

• Anti-atherosclerotic effects 

• Bladder inflammation 

• Kidney ailments 

• Erectile dysfunction 

• Stomach pain 

• Skin infections

traditional/medicinal use of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

Flavonoids

flavonoid glycosides

biginkgosides A-I

terpenoids

alkylphenols

alkylphenolic acids

carboxylic acids

lignans

proanthocyanidins

polyprenols

major secondary metabolites of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae)

• Common cold

• Influenza

• Prophylactic in upper respiratory tract infections

• Pain and stomach cramps

• Wound healing

• Improving immune systems

traditional/medicinal uses of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

alkylamides, polyenes, caffeic acid derivatives, polysaccharides, and glycoproteins

major secondary metabolites of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (Asteraceae)

Used for treating:

• Depression

• Anxiety

• Post-traumatic stress disorder

• Addiction,

• Helping with palliative care

traditional/medicinal uses of Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae)

tryptamine alkaloids

major secondary metabolite of Psilocybe cubensis (Ear.) Sing., (Hymenogastraceae)