Particles

De Broglie

De Broglie

________ hypothesised that if light was shown to have particle properties, then particles should also have wave- like properties, and he wrote an equation relating the wavelength (2) of an object to its momentum (m):

Pair production

________ is where a photon is converted into an equal amount of matter and antimatter.

photoelectric equation

The ________ is E= hf= + Ek (max) and it shows the relationship.

Strangeness

________ is a property of particles, which shows that strange particles must be created.

Annihilation

________ is where a particle and its corresponding antiparticle collide, as a result their masses are converted into energy.

Isotopes

________ are atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of.

hadrons

All particles are either ________ or leptons.

photoelectric effect

The ________ is where photoelectrons are emitted from the surface of a metal after light above a certain frequency is shone on it.

gravity

There are four fundamental forces: ________, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong.

e

Where is the stopping potential and ________ is the charge of an electron.

Baryons

________ are formed of 3 quarks, antibaryons are formed of 3 antiquarks while mesons are formed from a quark and antiquark.

muon

A(n) ________ is sometimes known as a "heavy electron, "and ________ decay into electrons.

radioactive isotope

Example, carbon- 14 is a(n) ________ of carbon, which can be used to find the approximate age of an object containing organic material.

single photon

Each electron can absorb a(n) ________, therefore a photoelectron is only emitted if the frequency is above the threshold frequency.

UV

When they de- excite they release photons, most of which are in the ________ range.

⚫EM waves

________ travel in discrete packets called photons, which have an energy which is directly proportional to frequency.

Quarks

________ are combined to form baryons and mesons.

Fluorescent tubes

________ are filled with mercury vapour, across which a high voltage is applied.

Ionisation

________ occurs if the energy of the free electron is greater than.

potential difference

The stopping potential is the ________ you would need to apply across the metal.

free electrons

The ________ collide with the mercury atoms, causing them to become excited.

amount of diffraction

When the momentum is increased, the wavelength will decrease, and therefore the ________ decreases, so the concentric rings of the interference pattern become closer.

strong nuclear force

The ________ (SNF) keeps nuclei stable by counteracting the electrostatic force of repulsion between protons in the nucleus (as they have the same charge)

original energy level

If an electron becomes excited, it will quickly return to its ________ (the ground.

de excite

The (phosphorous) fluorescent coating on the inside of the tube, absorbs these UV photons and therefore electrons in the atoms of the coating become excited and ________ releasing photons of visible light.

Unstable nuclei

________ are those which have too many of either protons, neutrons or both causing the SNF to not be enough to keep them stable, therefore these nuclei will decay in order to become stable.

Hadrons

________ can be further separated into baryons, antibaryons and mesons.

Strangeness

________ must only be conserved during strong interactions.

There are four fundamental forces

gravity, electromagnetic, weak nuclear and strong

Image source

Wolfmankurd.CC BY-SA 3.0

Therefore

AE = E-E₂

3.2.2.4

Wave-particle duality

3.2.1.2

Stable and unstable nuclei