Human Anatomy Exam 2

What is the function of the hippocampus?

Short term memory

What is amygdala?

involved in pain, anger, fear

Melatonin

sleep that comes from the pineal body

What is the function of the thalamus?

sends senses to correct place (except smell)

what is the function of Anterior Commissure?

Sense of smell

What is the function of Posterior Commissure?

nerves cross that control eye movement

What does the Pineal body produce?

Melatonin

what does the superior colliculus process?

vision

how does the Inferior colliculus work?

Hear and then look

What does the pituitary glands produce?

Hormones

What does the hypothalamus control?

controls everything that keeps you alive without having to think about it

Controls - pituitary glands, medulla

What are the functions of the medulla?

heart rate

breathing

blood pressure

Define Stroke

no blood flow to part of brain

what causes strokes?

blockage

Difference between stroke and tumor

strokes - fast symptoms

tumor - slow symptoms

What 4 arteries supply all the blood to the brain?

Left & Right internal carotid artery

Left & Right vertebral artery

where does the brachiocephalic artery supply blood to?

Head and Arm

Define Anastomosis

Where arteries join

What does the posterior cerebral artery process?

vision

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

moves eyes

What is the function of the Posterior Communicating artery?

coordinates eye movement

What does the corpus callosum do?

Allows left and right cerebral cortices to communicate

Fornix

part of the emotional brain

Advantage of circle of willis?

Sends blood different ways

Optic Chaism above or below the pituitary glands?

Above

Define mastication

chew

Function of Olfactory (I)

Smell

Functions of Optic (II)

Vision

Functions of oculomotor (III)

-Controls SR,IR,MR,IO

-opens eye & constricts pupil

Functions of Trochlear (IV)

SO

Functions of Trigeminal (V)

Sense of touch on face

Functions of abducens (VI)

LR

Functions of facial (VII)

facial expressions

Functions of vestibulocochlear (VIII)

balance, hearing

Functions of glossopharyngeal (IX)

swallow, taste

Functions of vagus (X)

calm down organ

Functions of spinal accessory (XI)

controls neck muscles (trap, SCM)

Functions of Hypoglossal (XII)

tongue movement

Define rectus?

Straight

what is trigeminal neuralgia = tic douloureix

Feels like they are getting stabbed w/hot needles

Dermatome

patch of skin innervated by one nerve

What disease causes swollen parotid glands?

mumps

Origin of muscle

anchor / where it attaches and that attachment doesn’t move

insertion of muscle

part of muscle that moves when contracting

what arteries do dentist need to watch for?

Inferior and superior alveolar

where is the maxillary artery located?

under the zygomatic arch

Where is the transverse facial artery located?

on top of the zygomatic arch

function of tonsils?

warn immune system about things swolled or brought in

function of palate?

breathe while you chew and suck

Do all sinus connect to the atmosphere?

yes!

Why do we have sinuses?

lighten up the skull

Function of common carotid arteries?

supplying blood to the head structures

function of internal jugular vein?

Drain “used” blood back to the heart

What must the nerves go through to send information to the brain and back from the brain to the rest of the body?

Spinal cord and brachial plexus

function of esophagus?

transports food from mouth to the stomach through the neck

what does the trachea do?

transports air from the nose and mouth to lungs

cervical vertebrae (c1 - c7 )

Bony attachment must exist between the skull and the rest of the skeleton

what layer of skin contains large amounts of subcutaneous fat?

superficial fascia

what is the layer surrounding the muscle?

deep fascia

which bone usually breaks when a human is strangled?

hyoid

Function of thyroid?

metabolism

function of parathyroid glands?

regulate calcium

Define sciatica

pain down back of leg problem in back

Which joint allows nodding?

atlas and occipital condyles

which joint allows shaking head no?

atlas and axis

Define scoliosis?

lateral curve in spine

Define lordosis?

lumbar curve is exaggerated

Define kyphosis?

thoracic curve is exaggerated

heart failure commonly swells which neck vein?

external jugular vein

Define stenosis?

narrowing

what is a carotid body?

monitors oxygen and carbon dioxide

what is a goiter?

swollen thyroid gland

Define phalanx?

single finger bone

describe anatomical position?

faced forward palms forward and thumbs out

Why do humans have clavicles?

to hang

another name for brachium?

humorous

pulled elbow?

radius is pulled out of the angular ligament

Define joint capsule?

synovial membrane + fibrous layer

define bursa?

flat synovial sac

Define tendon sheath?

sac around tendon

define luxation?

dislocation

define subluxation?

partial dislocation

what does “double joint” mean?

joints are flexible

define flex?

reducing angle of joint

define extend?

increase angle of joint

define abduct?

away from midline

define adduct

towards midline

fibrous

(immovable) skull sutures

cartilaginous

(slight movement) growth plate

synovial

(moves freely) gliding, hinge, pivot, ball and socket

1

olfactory (I)

2

optic (II)

3

oculomotor (III)

4

trochlear (IV)

5

trigeminal (V)

6

abducens (VI)

7

facial (VII)

8

vestibulochlear (VIII)

9

glossopharyngeal (IX)

10

Vagus (X)