Mexican History - Partial 2

Organisation of New Spain

Viceroy, governers, mayors, corregidores, land managers 

Evangelism a prime objective 

Caste system based on degree of spanishness: peninsulares, criollos, mestizos, indigenous

When was viceroyalty of New Spain created

1535

Manila Galleon

annual sailing of goods from China to New Spain in exchange for silver

Also refers to the sailing route

Culture in colonial Mexico

syncrestism - mix of inidgenous with spanish symbolism in art

Baroque - art and architecture style developed in 17th and 18th centuries

Key figures: Sor Juana Ines de Veracruz, Miguel Cabrera, Isidoro Incente Balbas

Development of Mexican Flag

1) Virgin of Guadalupe (Hidalgo)

2) Trigarante

3) First Mexican empire

4) Second empire

5) 2 variations of modern flag

Figures of the 1st Stage of Independence

Ignacio Allende - wanted to form a new government

Hidalgo - appointed as the figurehead

Batlles of first stage

Insurgents had to withdraw

1811 leaders captured and decapitated - heads hung outside military cartel

Causes of mexican independence

Discontent amongst creoles

Growth of nationalist attitudes towards Mexico

Economic struggles due to increased taxation

Enlightenment ideas from Europe

Uprisings against royalty in Spain caused splintering of troops

Weakening of Spanish power by Napoleon

3 major conspiracies predating revolution

Machetes, Valladolid, Queretaro

Leader of 2nd Stage

Morelos

Morelos’ key speech

Sentiments of a Nation

Outcome of second stage

Realist army of Calleja and Iturbide captured Morelos and he was killed in Mexico City

3rd Stage

Vicente Guerrero continues the resistance

Key points of Sentiments of the Nation

Catholic as only acceptable religion

expulsion of the Spanish

Consumation of Independence

King Fernando VII forced to accept consitution of Cadiz 

Plan de Iguala

Allegiance between Guerrero and Iturbide

Still safeguarded upper classes

First Mexican Empire

Iturbide first empero

3 divisions of new government Junta in independent Mexico

Iturbidists

Republicists

Bourbonists - wanted a viceroy

Congressional issues

Iturbide dissolves congress, but is met with anger as people think he is after supreme power

Santa Anna & Guadalupe Victoria declare the republic wiht Plan of Veracruz

Iturbide reestablishes congress and flees to Spain

First presidents of Mexico

1) Guadalupe Victoria - managed to source some investment for the country

2) Vicente Guerrero - anarchic govt, approved sale of church assets

3) Anastasio Bastanante - led a rebellion with Plan de jalapa

Separation of Texas