Chem Investigation 2: The Periodic Table

Exp 1-3

Period

Each horizontal row on the periodic table

Periodic Law

When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass, there is a periodic repetition of physical and chemical properties

Group

Each vertical row on the periodic table

Metal

A type of element that is a good conductor of heat and electric current; shiny, malleable, ductile

Nonmetal

An element that tends to be a poor conductor of heat and electric current; not shiny, brittle, non-ductile

Metalloid

An element that tends to have properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals; solids, metalloid behavior can change using mixtures

Main Group Elements

Groups 1,2,13,14,15,16,17, and 18

Effective Nuclear Charge, Z_eff

The net positive nuclear charge experienced by an electron in an atom

Atomic Radius

One-half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms of the same element

Ion

An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Cation

When an atom loses one or more electrons to become positive; always smaller than their neutral atom

Anion

When an atom gains one or more electrons to become negative; always larger than their neutral atom

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove the outermost electron

Electron Affinity

The energy change that happens when an atom gains an electron

Metals in group 1 tend to lose ____ electron to become a cation

one

Metals in group 2 tend to lose ___ electrons to become a cation

two

Nonmetals in group 17 tend to gain ___ electron to become an anion

one

Nonmetals in group 16 tend to gain ___ electrons to become an anion

Two

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A mystery element has 18 protons. what is the statement about this?

It is in group 3 and classified as noble gas

Alkali metals are highly ___ since they ___ to form ions

Reactive; lose 1 ions

Chlorine has 7 valence electrons and the effective nuclear charge for a chlorine atom is ___

7+